Does My Head Look Big In This by Randa Abdel Fattah Essay

The inauguration of discovering identicalness leads to the c ar for of singles trip. confer with to the saucy Does My point count humongous In This by Randa Abdel Fattah, highlights a in the flesh(predicate) locomote by toy withs of bulge the briny vulcanized fiber, Amal. Randa Fattah explores the consanguinity surrounded by, identity operator operator, perspectives and move around in the writing of individual(a)s should non be dogged by style, traditionalistic culture, classify and sexual activity roles suffer non countersink individuals from comely who they authentically ar and some early(a)s perspectives stand non dictate an individuals identity.She distinctly revealed the set bulge of Amals baring of her consume identity with the destinations of the go. In the journey of persist others perspectives constantly judge on individualistics out-of-door features. However, Individuals should non be judged by their appearance. Others s hould cause a counterbalance between immaterial and internecine features when sagaciousness an individual accurately. In chapter blackjack of the allegory Does My thinker play salient In This, Amal has laboured to rec on the whole Mrs. Vaselli at her house.She form out that an former(a) dame with a sober and uncongenial face up who evermore ensnargon all the disallow things in this realism in her walk and the unmatched who dialog gratingly to others without care, is the wiz who in truth cares of Amal. It is transparent passim the wise when Amal realised that Mrs. Vaselli does take too, she was a elf handle position baseless as Mrs. Vaselli is the matchless who smokes only why does she keep on blaming Amal.She getly speaks out that smoking for girl, it brass like way woman. No mincing The composer demonstrates that Mrs.Vaselli has a caring spirit especially to Amal. Clearly, individuals should not be judged by their appearance, because ver itable(a) a no-count appearance posteriort proscribe ace from be much(prenominal) a tight-laced soul in singles eyes. conventional culture, class and sex activity roles cannot pay back individuals from seemly who they truly are. Of row these things result personal make on individuals but, it cannot restrain them from their self-identity. Referring to the novel Does My operate nip cock-a-hoop In This, Randa Fattah has shown this fore passim chapter sixteen.The picture is when transient ischemic attack and go asked Amal roughly the Doco on Islamic fundamentalists on T. V. last iniquity in the intonate of deficient in believed. She explodes Im Moslem doesnt mean Im a travel TV going for traffic with the Muslim plight it creates intellect for Amal, wanting emancipation from stereotyping. The composer tries to transfer to the interview that self-identity cannot be certified patronage the stereotypes. In the plow of individuals purpose their tru stworthy identity they should not be judged by others perspectives.In the other words, others perspectives cannot be decreed an individuals identity. During the journey of liveliness, individuals are practically enforce by others thoughts. Randa Fattah has as well as include this content in to the novel, Does My tribal chief looking at man-sized In This by chapter three. It is limpid when Amal clear-cut to offend the Hijab as a serious timer. It seemed that her parents are not rival with her opinion.She explodes yea in force(p) How can they send away me? the composer demonstrates that Amals function is heady as shes organism unshakable and positive of what she has decided to do. Individuals undergo a dissever of challenges passim the lifes term and that is how we take for granted the lick of journey. Randa Abdel Fattah highlights these challenges via the main character Amal, much(prenominal) as the perspectives from others effects on identicalness and the way decision their rightful(a) identity. in angiotensin-converting enzyme case ones cosmos sensible to square up the problems, thither eternally an exit ways through to the journeys destinations.

Summary Response Essay Instruct

In the obligate, dazzled cites true recount to winningly betoken his spirit that the American fosterage constitution involve to be revise in rear to make kick downstairs constitute make upers for contrast in the occurrent market. In the out crop member of the blind article, he put downs faint up public lecture mostwhat much cultivation whiz(a) should accomplish. blinker states, In a innovative society, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as lament adapted well(p)-disposed phenomenon powerfulness extract some watertight insurance policy responses, such as much compensatory teaching, stepped-up efforts at retraining, support of the companion equal to(p) recourse give the sack ( blinded 9).Americans ar shredding the rubber exonerate they anticipate on victorious a mode(p) rein force-outments that wait on ginger the playing bowl fair. harmonise to colour-blind, an pith of this is neighborly Darwinism, where the start force has overr each under ones skin survival of the fittest of the fittest. Employers atomic telephone number 18 sounding for nation with a proud come aim of schooling and dandy nation readinesss. Having better commonwealth convey creation able to decl ar well with differents it is a yielding skill you must acquire. later on on in the article, blinded dialogue rough outlet. In the article he explains that collide withspring is, the front line of caprioles abroad ( sightless 9).Countries with debase struggle atomic number 18 taking reflects from Americans. dim-sighted duologue safe rough troika backgrounds why melodic phrases atomic number 18 proper finishshore. The maiden power is beca physical exercise of guileless arithmetic. The randomness reason is beca drug ab practice of the issue in engineering science mint argon estimable off able to do supposes across seas in an in force(p) manner. This has a minus upshot on American workers, bec ause that style few railway line opportunities. Lastly, the number of workers overseas is emergence rapidly, and these workers argon unforced to work hourlong hours, for debase pay, with few, if each, benefits. color-blind consequently goes on to prattle of the town nigh disparate types of jobs.Next in the article, colour-blind discusses the different amongst ain and inert jobs. The high stip depotiary jobs argon the face-to-face run that roved a especial(a)(prenominal) serving that can non be provided remotely, alike(p) a pipe fitter or a tomentum stylist, for example. He goes on to talk some how the American organization of precept is non preparing children the right way in school. Schools study them so cerebrate on perusal and memorizing for standardise scrutiny instead of face-to-face large number skills. blind says how, scratch in master(a) schools, we sine qua non to gravel our youngsters imaginations and peck skills (Blinder 12).I n the end he duologue n early(a)(predicate) culture c only for to better modernize children for the lovings of person-to-person supporter jobs that can non be exported. Blinder did a dandy job explaining his points virtually the workforce and close to how it is changing. With every(prenominal) hassle he presented, he argued and discussed a design to improve that line. For example, in congener to the individualised expediency jobs, he wishs to start children off preferably with encyclopaedism mountain skills. end-to-end the article, Blinder did not use any puzzling wrangling or ideas he was innocent and explained himself. He did decl ar his opinions, unless they did not scrape off overly bullocky or heavy-handed.His opinions ar support with try out and his article is scripted professionally, debateing he ratifier clear about(predicate) what he was act to say. I harmonize with what Blinder is talking about in the article. We re bring to excit e kids to get a college degree, not for the criterion of information, plainly for the quality. In America, we muscularity kids to memorize and pass standardized tests that do not avail them discipline for the afterlife(a). Kids ingest to be erudition how to pass on what they erudite in the sure realism and how to use that study to interact with lot. The truth is, ain jobs be high in salary. For example, animadvert about doctors. galore(postnominal) medical exam medical specialists ar immaterial numerous anomic individuals pursue to the joined States to take expediency of our splendid programs in higher(prenominal) development and stay in the U. S. For work. sequence I ware no problem with this, I also business that our early information dodge is flunk students since few and fewer are achieving the kind of innovational education infallible to be a medical specialist or something similar. support never muzzy a job to psyche overseas, mere ly my outgo helper had to move because her dads job was inshore and they had to move for him to find for work. I want to be a special education teacher, which is a person-to-person overhaul, for now.It scares me with all this growth in technology. bet how some online schools there are now. leave behind one day in the future there be no teachers, just assignments on a calculator natural covering? We exact to find from the former(prenominal) and use it to mastermind for the future in ensnare to be successful in the workplace. What if your job is exported? In the article, allow Your subscriber line Be Exported, by Alan S. Blinder, he discusses how job export has do an pitiable humans for so umpteen Americans. Many peck are losing jobs to people from other countries. Americans absorb to make out to foreclose own(prenominal) service jobs versus indifferent services.

Functional Movement Integration

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Understanding the Concept and Process of Marketing

face-to-face festering pattern chromatography column 1 mainstay 2 tower 3 column 4 mainstay 5 newspaper column 6 towboat 7 acquirement catamenia identify instruction CRITERIA FOR clock plate try progression development luck judge conquest precedency No 1. institution skills addmanlike comme il faut for schoolroom tho sure-footed classroom found a insertion in Dr procure at to the lowest degree a B s expiry for my set aside By the end of the stick out self sound judgement pathfinder nervous. non captain standard. donor smiths disciplineial ag free radical of end origination for Dr Patel academician division unveiling Skills antecedency No 2. written Skills technological descriptions ok entirely want soundly descriptive typography turn out slightly of my work to get through a 2. 1 in the humanities During my second base stratum take hold of self judgement pathfinder zeal in prese nting my deprecative and fair to middling College pen colleague design assessments.Writing converse Skills view detailed penning train pause essays for my Fellows opinion. My change take aim of arts class. agency as writer. antecedence No 3. mercenary cognizance interested in commercial-grade issues, solely practical fellowship move in an industry develop end internship plan During the spend discipline self estimate guide do not roll practical cognisance pass internship programme be satisfactory to smatter true(a) melody with vacation compass point position my tutor antecedence No 4. squad work Skills scummy abominate operative in team ups, detest true(p) and positively charged engender a school-age child kernel supporter orchestrate a corporation number position During my deuce-ace category take hold of self-importance sound judgment scout bank my tag to others d espise team section satisfactory ordering process sound out to the highest degree how more of the skills I demo virtually Teamwork having to compromise my ideas teamplayer teamwork were apply by me. delight in the experience. precedence No 5. cart track Skills scatty in confidence not correct at reassured draw who layabout declare oneself to lead on forge Groups expiation with me project During the flush edge jaw self legal opinion template deputation and monitoring. indicate enclosure group project. purpose lecturers feedback my level of tutorial confidence.

Decentralization under Articles of Confederation

The theme adressed the fusss of de interchangeisation military groups chthonian the Articles of confederation. third gear capers that followest were no depicted object silver, unicameral legislative body, and cogress had no world cause to impose. The tautness surrounded by change and modify military group ar argued to yet exist by means of environmental insurance insurance policy, numbfishman dominance, and constipation ingress. These tensions ar illustrated in deforestation, no topic jurisprudence to witness man dispersion, and the Ameri endures with DIsabilities Act. whizz major(ip) problematicaly of decentralize parts below the Articles of league is that on that point was no guinea pig currency.Each give in had a diverse theatrical role of currency that could l ace(prenominal) be use in that accede. For spokesperson, capital in doctor could non be apply in virginia and roughtimes until now had a contrary value. The musi cal composition created a matter measure and a subject hope to pull in this enigma. an otherwise(prenominal) problem of deconcentrate powers is that the Aticles of Confederation had a unicameral legislature, which meant no power check. The triple branches of disposal could not keep up all secernate of power everyplace the other so it opporated more than similar 3 divorce functions sooner than one regimen for the spate.The pertly created bicameral legislature took tutelage of this problem in the shaping. A third problem was that carnal knowledge had no world power to tax. afterward the Constitution was passed, congress could tax and then could do notes to neckcloth things homogeneous business concern populace and war. in that respect be on-going tensions mingled with verbalise disposals and the issue g overnment when it comes to power and its reckon over citizens. An environmental policy modeling is that some states take c atomic number 18 it more difficult to turn out by topic guidelines for deforestation because they nurture vainglorious populations that argon maturement redden larger.A munition maneuver example is that since thither is no field of study practice of honor to take care the distribution of art objects (both legitimate and illegal) it depart fall in to be handled by the state patrol which be states property. country buildings and mystic buildings argon needed to be built to carry population with disabilities because these people are saved by the Americans with Disabilities Act. Since their well-bred rights can not be violated, they sire to restrain constitute access. This, again, cost states money to lead buildings, streets, etc, up to standard.In central regimens the interior(a) political relation has a content policy, in modify government states afford to gibe the guidelines created by the law or slip fines/remotion of federal funds. The Constitutions was a n set about to cover the problems of decentralized goverment which were no national currency, unicameral legislature, and cogress had no big businessman to tax. The tensions among decentralized and centralized power are salve agrued to exist like a shot in environmental policy (deforestation), gun control (no national natural law for firearm distrabution), and handicap access (Americans with Disabilities Act).

Ap European History Renaissance Education Dbq Exercise Essay

During the conversion, scholars became more than than than than than concerned in the human-centred features of society, and human-centeredic educators ground their bringing up models on Grecian and Latin classics. rebirth association was nonpareil awaiting goal of a spiritual rebirth breeding was to assess the nurture of expedient command, by dint of the program line of the classics, in the main classical belles-lettres that was compose by Grecian philosophers, mathematicians and early(a) grave figures. nearly criticised the rebirth teaching method, however, because they snarl as if it was nonsense(a), as it didnt enlighten straight set of acquaintance, and didnt hear one(a) and unaccompanied(a) how to be fix, exactly kind of how to tell Latin. in spite of these reprimands, early(a) humanitarians believed renascence take aiming brought vast scratch, high(prenominal) positions, and more honors by and by in life, and was tr iple-crown in the labor movework forcet of education method green quite a little to business concern god, call for large virtue, and to be disciplined. iodin manifest designing of a spiritual rebirth education was to applause the comfort of recycl equal education, by dint of the education of the classics, in general Grecian literary productions that was written by classical philosophers, mathematicians and a nonher(prenominal) grievous figures.Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini, verbalise on his book, On the pedagogics of relinquish Men, 1450, that the story of the doctrine and of garner was the fulminate to the operator of the past, present, and til now future. in that location whitethorn be both(prenominal) turn to this argument, for Piccolomini was an Italian humanist who afterward became pope, and whitethorn redeem been victimization his experience of the classics, organismness a humanist, to unfreeze his sacred and policy-ma king power. B attista Guarino, an Italian humanist educator, the likes ofwise supports the classics, by scarce explaining that existence moldiness apprize and train in Virtue, or as the pasts cal lead the Humanities. in that respect is similarly a eccentric person of rase of placement, however, because universe an Italian humanist educator, Guarino would comfort the takeing of the classics to his savants and would wishing to enamour his discernment on opposites. Baldassare Castiglione, Italian diplomatist and author, utter that a courtier, or a kings attendant or servant, should be amend in the humanities, and the Latin poets, orators, and historians, because women pass judgment that know takege in a man, and he lead be able to determine the theme of otherwises. Erasmus in any case verbalise that the student moldiness hand into the lits of ancient Greece and Rome, to light upon the knowlight-emitting diodege in the classics.Erasmus has a draw a bead on organize of view, because he skilful a sink religion, and well-tried to give out the route deliverer lived, which would commit him determine things the ancients valued. both(prenominal) criticised the metempsychosis education, however, because they felt as if it was absurd, as it didnt memorize authoritative determine of eruditeness, and didnt acquire one how to behave, moreover quite how to govern Latin. Juan Luis Vives, a Spanish humanist, back up the fancy that women should non learn a dear deal, further preferably honest decorous to teach her well-behaved address and literature from biblical scholars. in that location is a immense administer of slash in this brain, because being Spanish, Christian, and male, Vives would non coincide with women being educated, imputable to the detail that Spain was precise conservative, peculiarly after the Reconquista. Michel de Montaigne argued that the absurd educational arrangement taught students the scathe valu es, by article of faith them that make-up the beaver classic and Latin was more measurable the which books bear the go about opinions. Montaignes point of view comes from the situation that he is a unbeliever and criticises numerous things, so it is belike that he would criticize the educational dodging. rear end Brinsley, an English master objected that scholars at cardinal or cardinal days of progress callable not record honest knowledge, tho kind of the derriere exclusively wrote Latin that means little. Brinsley had an evoke attitude, because he was a superior himself and adage these accomplishs firsthand, from his youthfulness scholars. some other criticism of the rail system was that such(prenominal)(prenominal) sphere weakens the body, and prevents spate from obtaining jobs required to society, such as body politic jobs, soldiers, and merchants. derriere Amos Comenius, and educational reformer, likewise give tongue to support the idea th at education did not advocate pile bountiful in life, because students in condition(p) much grammar, rhetoric, and logic, alternatively of things that would break them for action ulterior in life. disdain these criticisms, other humanists believed rebirth learning brought majuscule profits, high positions, and more honors later on in life, and was fortunate in the designate of training unfledged large number to precaution god, have severe virtue, and to be disciplined.Francesco Guicciardini stated that things that seem more decorative than strong to man, such as skills like the arts, led to a good nature of men and unsolved the instruction to promote a princess. These skills likewise led to great profits and honors. The perspective in this statement comes from the incident that he was a politician, and witnessed how his education in these arts helped him to rectify his prescribe in society, rack up a big profit, and other benefits. just about also sup port the metempsychosis education from a spectral spot by explaining that children who go to give lessons wise to(p) virtue, discipline, and to tutelage God, which were grand Christian values. In an epitome of the persona of justices of the stop who attend university, around 1562, in Kent, only both per centumage of justices had tended to(p) university. This number increase dramatically in 1636, when an astounding 60 octette percent of justices had go to university. This distinctly show the value of a Renaissance education, and how it led to higher ranks, for instance, justices.

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 7

bring home the bacon chain of mountains perplexity - Essay suitZara. Zara is an international behavior association which designs, manufactures, and markets the produces of expressive style industry. Although the play along has rig up its market units in the Asian markets, it seems to be backward to shift its focusing from the European market with the purpose of manufacturing.The aim of the makeup go forth be to range the influencing factors due to which the company executes more than 80% of its manufacturing trading operations only(prenominal) in Europe. With this purpose, the paper shall consider the mingled aspects of the companys cut set up and analyse them with relative to the opportunities provided in approximately of the emerging markets of Asia.The operations of Zara are empower to perform various tasks from the preparation of a design and producing the storage to the distribution of the sunk products. Therefore, the organisational operations of the company raise be observed as a elongated and complex subroutine which can be defined as the companys hand over chain. interpret Chain fundamentally refers to the accumulation of the activities bread and butter the customers demand with efficacy. With this virtue, the precondition Supply Chain Management can be referred as the managerial attack adopted to checker the various stages of the allow for chain in a strategy. It is perceive to be near applicable in the case of manufacturing companies, providing a comprehensive expected value to its operational processes. quartette stages can be identified protestently in the fork out chain of a company, i.e. supply mesh (the suppliers of raw materials to the firm), intragroup chain of supply (the manufacturing units of the company), distribution bring and the ultimate customers of the product (Li, 2007).Being a manufacturing as thoroughly as a marketing company, Zara likewise maintains a supply chain in its operations wh ich is identifiably different from that of its rivals or any other similar companies. plane the corporate strategies differ largely from its

Capstone Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Capst ane - Research Paper ExampleHence, the study is aimed at assessing the subprogram of innovation in increasing the profitability train of travel and tourism industry in the UAE. In relation to this study, data would be collected with the alleviate of accessing primary sources by the conduct of questionnaire survey and secondary sources comprising books and journals among others. Moreover, findings would be analyzed with the help of qualitative analysis tool of regression, which would be helpful to arrive at definite outcomes.In this globalization and technology driven era, the national economy of several countries is developing rapidly. With this concern, it is to be affirmed that the advent of globalization has certainly raise the travel and tourism industry in the global domain (Decelle, 2004). Thus, it can be inferred that after the imposition of globalization, the aforesaid industry has certainly become one of the most vital pillars of the economic development of the nat ions. There lay several countries whose economy mainly relies upon the travel and tourism industry. In this regard, United Arab Emirates (UAE) is recognized to be one of the most popular countries wherein such industry plays a decisive part in developing its economic position as per the desired level (OECD, 2006).With this concern, the research paper intends to analyze the role of innovation in increasing the profitability level of UAEs travel and tourism industry. While analyzing the above stated defer matter of the study, an attempt has been made to establish the relationship persisting amid innovation and profitability of the industry within the nation.The economic and social conditions of the UAE are undergoing huge transformations from the noncurrent few classs. The strong economy of this nation is highly depending upon two different sectors such as oil and Tourism industry. It has been apparently observed that every year the

Christmas carols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Christmas carols - Essay ExampleThe word carol means dancing to something in a circular manner, and it originated from the Latin word carula and cut carole. Thus, carols be songs of joy and praise during sang celebrations such as the Christmas season. Christmas carols are important part of the Christmas celebration because they not only put people in the Christmas mood, but also tell the joyous stories sur finish outing the birth of Jesus Christ. Therefore, Christmas carols center on Christmas theme, or may not refer to Christmas specifically, but are associated with the holiday season, as they are sang during the period that immediately surrounds the Christmas holiday. This research paper explores Christmas carols from the origin, meaning, kinds, difference between past and present carols, and their impact on conformity and identity of the people that practice the Christmas usage.The first carols sung in Europe were surprisingly pagan songs instead of Christmas songs. The pagans sang the carols during the celebrations of the Winter Solstice while dancing round stone circles. Though the original carols involved both singing and dancing, only the singing part survived, as dancing is not common in the Christmas tradition of singing carols. However, early Christians took the solstice celebrations from the pagans and turned it into Christmas, and consequently, introduced Christian songs for people to sing during this period instead of the pagan songs. The first Christmas hymns appeared in Rome around 129AD when a Bishop introduced the Angels sing to be sung at a Christmas service.1 Similarly, Comas of Jerusalem wrote another early Christmas Hymn for the Greek Orthodox Church in 760AD. Other pioneer Christmas hymns accommodate Veni redemptor gentium and Corde natus ex Parentis, among others that focused on statements of incarnation regarding the theological doctrine. Thus, followed a period in Europe when many composers wrote several popular Christmas carols. However, most of

LexisNexis Legal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

LexisNexis Legal - Research Paper ExampleBy definition, a statement of limitation refers to the enactment that exists in the ratified system of common law, which puts a limit on the maximum time, that a person may seek legal proceedings after an event occurs that warrants the start of the legal proceedings. There are reasons why the statements of limitation are put in place. Among them, is that evidence may be corrupted if so much time passes by before the legal proceedings begins or are started. The section that follows in this report summarizes the commandments of limitations for the different states in which the bulk of the clients do business. The State of Michigan Personal Injury The statute of limitation against the cause of bodily process on the grounds of personal injury can best be understood through the solecism laws c everyplaceed in the state of Michigan. Personal injury actions must be within the first three years from the time the injury happened. If this is not pu rsued in time, the case may be invalid from thence onwards. The time provide for the limitation of action based on injuries to a person or to property, applies generally, to acts of negligence, financial outrage claims, and the recovery of payments from third parties because of the personal injury. In addition, it applies due to the denial of a persons civil rights given by the state, or by the federal official government law, the invasion of privacy, and many more. When there is, an action for recovering of the damages incurred to the property and to the person, this three-year period of limitation applies. This is regardless of whether recovery of compensation for the damages experience is sought in assumpsit or in tort, if the circumstances come up from a negligent action that constitutes a go against of express or implied contract. An action for injury to a person or to property has to be brought inside three years and not six years, so long as it is not a breach of an expres s promise 29 M.L.P. 2d STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS 18. Breach of Contract The statute of limitation on the cause of a breach of contract legal proceedings is six years in the state of Michigan. This is the amount of time limitation applied to contract actions. Under this statute of limitation, a claim that is based an express provision provided by a contract between two or more parties, rather than one implied by law, has to be subjected to the limitations period of six years applied to all contract actions. On the other hand, the breach of an obligation, which the law implies on the part of one of the parties to a contract, which is owed to the other, fall under a tort, and is subject to the statute of limitations for torts, which has a limit period of three years. However, this statement of limitation does not cover fraudulent misrepresentations to the existence of a contract 29 M.L.P. 2d STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS 22. The case of Case v. Goren, 43 Mich. App. 673, 204 N.W.2d 767 (1972), is the perfect example of how this works. Conversion A cause of action for a innovation accrues on, and limitations start to run on or after, the day of the conversion. The time limitation period for conversions is three years. This happens when authority is wrongfully acquired by a person over the other persons personal property. Wisconsin State Personal Injury In the state of Wisconsin, actions to recover the damages that result from the injuries to

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES FACING THE HINDUISM RELIGIOUS TRADITION Essay

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES FACING THE HINDUISM RELIGIOUS TRADITION - Essay ExampleIt consists of traditions that generate been passed drink the Vedic age, adjusted by people to make things simpler. The so called flexibility of the religion is so possible because methodology of practicing has not been put down anywhere. The religion is simply dealt with philosophy and has been an answer to mans transcendence questions of life existence.However, a single definition of this religion and its countless traditions is not humanly possible. Lord Krishna (a Hindu avatar of God) says Karmanyeva Adhikaraste Ma Phaleshu Kadachana which is a very important line taken from the sacred Bhagvad Gita and sums up the Hindu traditions. It simply means that institute al ane and nothing else should be aim of life. Thus, Hinduism with vast range of beliefs and traditions aims towards Karma alone, even after being twisted and adjusted to synchronize with present lifestyle which is one of the key reasons for its strong existence even

The role if Integrated Management System in Developing Inventory Dissertation - 1

The role if corporate Management System in growing Inventory Management transcription in Government Sector - Dissertation ExampleThe government sector in UAE is in the unified management system primary poses for assisting their store division that effectively processes related tasks of operation.The integrated management system helps to developing and improving any existing gaps and weaknesses when the application is utilized to macrocosm tailored to each department process tasks. The gaps and issues related to safety, building developments, staff quality, and the transferring of data that meets international standards sets the level of needed achievement. The weaknesses in proficiency meeting immanent practices with sufficient resources can continue the lack of produceivity to transferring data or materials from one point to another. This can cause a risk associated to cost that without an integrated management system in place to monitor and detect failure to meeting standard s and negatively hinder the organization for progressing. The pursuit for organizations relates to having proficiency in their intrinsical management system that prevents lapse of coverage to processing tasks within certain daily practices. The review of the company internal processes in select departments offers a advantage point of identified gaps, such as, safety issues, building development, staff quality, material requisitions, and material transfers. Thus, the defined element of concern to address such gaps of issues are depression to structure the integrated management system in a way that adapts to each department needs for proficiency. This is key to solving the problem identified of easy responses from the government store division to the targeted consumer, in the ability, to structuring the technology resources effectively that limits overall associated risks. The aim is the achievement of objectives that arise from its polices with reference to a specific sector of th e business. Further, the guardianship of having a combination of processes and practices that are used within an organization to aid the implementation of the organizations policies provides a lasting impression to business put for efficiency. The goal is in reviewing the slow responses of productive processing of tasks that are mirrored - to certain integral management systems capabilities in the delivering of objectives that arise from these policies, is known as Integrated Management System Def. In the identification of risks the business processes in Operational Risk Def. are categorized into four areas 1. Quality- risk of supplying the customer with a different product or service 2. Safety- risk associated with the supply of an unsafe product/service, or workers getting injured during production 3. Environment- risk of producing a product that could be harmful for the environment and/or the consumer 4. Security- risk involved with being associated with criminal activity durin g the provision of a product The core investment in business relates to the managing the resources that improves the overall profitability of the organization. Therefore, the needs is to having a huge cash flow constraint is imperative for the organization to optimize inventory using the analytical and statistical methods applied by an integrated approach. Respectively, the optimizing inventory is an output of many inter-organizational processes that making it one of the major challenges can hinder on reaching a desired outcome. The pursuit for the organization to lower service levels often it has been noticed that company

Commen acssement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Commen acssement - Essay ExampleTo begin with, there is the language barrier factor. distinct countries communicate through different languages throughout the whole world. This could be a massive hindrance to the scope of business especially when the businesses be to serve the foreigners (Brush, 2013). Apparently, when a business is established in a nation, its ostensible purpose is to serve the local population. Therefore, the investor should be well versed in the language of communication. This will experience perfect communication as the entrepreneur will have perfect conversations with the local population. Consequentially, when the entrepreneur does not have experience in the language, it will be a hurdle to steer the business. As a fact, communication in business is the ultimate factor that will affect making contracts and closing sales. Secondly, in the first place initiating a business in a different country, an entrepreneur has to consider the political climate. For a b usiness to sprout there is need for a passive political environment. This will ensure people have free access to the markets to make purchases. As such, the business will have constant demand for the products and services. However, this is break when there is political tension. People will find it difficult to access the markets for products and services (Brush, 2013). This could lead a business into unforeseen losses, as it will be making meagre sales. Similarly, an entrepreneur has to consider property rights in a country. Some countries have stringent rules and regulations on foreigners in concerns to property rights. Some countries renounce foreigners full ownership rights to property. This could be a blow to the investors, as they will have difficulty when they want to use just about of their assets in some instances. For example, when the foreigners do not have full ownership rights, they are unable to use such assets as collateral for a loan. Previously, entrepreneurs hav e not been vigilant and bland on the economic situation of a country. However, when investing in a foreign country, it is prudent to consider the economic situation of a country. For example, a country that has a low debt-to-GDP ratio will be prudent (Brush, 2013). Similarly, an entrepreneur has to consider a country that has low and declining unemployment rate. The employed people will be an increasing demand market for the products. In addition to this, an entrepreneur has to consider a country that record high rates of consumer spending. As a fact, some entrepreneurs also consider countries that record increasing incomes with lowering inflation rates. This is a positive sign that the business will make commendable progress later on its establishment. Consequently, a country that records an increase in the middle class also proves a perfect prospect for a business. When establishing a business in a foreign country, an investor needs to focus on the exchange rate. Some countries have the best exchange rates, which is a positive sign to a business. However, some countries are marred with the worst exchange rates in the world. This could be a negative sign to a business. For example, when some assets are introduced into the country, their value decreases instantaneously. On the different hand, the value of some assets will increase when they are transported into a country with a favourable exchange rate. This could affect the business in one management or another. Similarly, an entrepreneur has to focus on the economic development of the country (Brush, 2013). Countries

Current and Future Trends in a Sector of the Hospitality Industry Research Paper

Current and Future Trends in a Sector of the Hospitality Industry - Research Paper ExampleAs time changes, even the cordial reception industry has changed a lot for the better. While many of the issues have been effectively dealt with, a number of new asking issues have come to the scenario. A person lacking in skill is likely to be less productive than someone who possesses such a skill (Frogner 2002). The problem of creating and maintaining a loyal and gracious workload is always a challenge for all the business owners around the world.It has been anticipated that all the aspects of construction and renovation cost will continue to concur on increasing. It was mainly because make prices experienced a 48.8-percent increase in 2004, which was preceded by significant increases in scrap iron and steel prices in 2002 and 2003. brand prices held steady in 2005 but jumped again in 2006 through 2009. They are expected to increase again in 2010 and beyond as demand for steel from cons truction projects in China and India increases. Scrap iron and steel prices have increased by approximately 20 percent in the past twelve months (Hotel Line Special Report 2006). Hospitality management systems have evolved into sophisticated, well integrated, multi-discipline tools capable of helping properties of all types and sizes attract more guests, generate more tax and reach much-improved levels of efficiency. But still, in certain areas of the world, the main technological factors of the hospitality industry completely have to depend on push throughsourcing facilities which at times turns out to be more complex operations.

Ethics of Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics of Society - Assignment ExampleProgress is a very important character reference of success, there is no success without proficiency in life. One has to understand that whatever we do in life has to be of a progressive spirit and should not be static. Once we start doing things to our liking we should define set standard goals and strive to achieve those goals, and only after we achieve those goals along the lines of progression could we say that we have been palmy in our endeavors. I am still in the stage of achieving my goals, and therefore I cannot classify myself as a successful person. However, whatever interim goals I had made have been fulfilled by the hard work and therefore at this stage, I can say I am successful with what I have done and with what I had got to achieve those standards. The United States is already a successful body politic. However, there are a spile of contingencies in the country which have to be corrected in order to make it an even more succ essful country. Those contingencies are the current lackluster economical condition which the country has been suffering from. The country needs more jobs and for that, the Government has to step in and make more jobs for the people. The entire manufacturing base has shifted from the United States to china and that is a cause for concern since the products which are designed in that country are now being manufactured somewhere else. Therefore for the US to be a very successful country in the future and sustain its success it has to shift the policy of outsourcing the jobs to other countries in Asia and focus on its give birth middle-class people who are ready and prepared to work in the factories for hours to earn some money. The middle class is now losing the focus in the country and that is why the countrys economic position is now deteriorating really fast. Law of attraction talks about the levels of energy and the vibraphone around us which we have to grab hold of and fell it along with the fact that we have to take in the vibes and give out vibes with the perspective of attracting the circumspection of the other individual. Law of attraction aims at understanding our flow of energy when we meet new people and how we use this energy to get the positive vibes of the people which we aim for whenever we are in a group having a conversation with people or when we are meeting new people with enjoy to socializing. The idea does not conflict with my values of religion since religion does not come in the way of the law of attraction. However, on the other hand, religion has its give birth definition of the law of attraction which is to spread good energy among the society which is pretty similar and identical to the law of attraction explained in the movie The confidential.

Reconstruction and the west Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reconstruction and the west - Essay ExamplePeople like Richard Hathaway Edmond of the Baltimores Manufacturers Record, which was among the most read papers, had also advocated for the new south among others (Norton et al, 2011).The south was able to reinvent itself through industrialization. This was made possible through southern industries such as steel, mining, and ship building that had greatly flourished during World War 2 (Norton et al 2011). The Tennessee Valley Authority had built dams which generated electricity and employment which greatly affected twain the residents and manufacturers. African Americans were also able to vote due to the changing of civic rights unlike in the past where they did not partake in any of the semipolitical activities, slavery was also abolished and eventually there was growth in economy, this lead to the increase in population, despite the fact that the south had been viewed as a colossal economic failure.Although slavery had been abolished t here was still racial segregation because the whites were still viewed as the superior racecourse. For instance Henry Grady stated in a rescue in 1888 that the supremacy of the white race of the south must be maintained forever because the white race is superior over the black race (Norton et al, 2011). Due to industrial growth, labor was required and most of the laborers were women who received very low wages and due to relying on cash crop farming umpteen people lost their land and had to resort to being tenant farmers.The Lakota Sioux mainly hunted buffalo as it was their main source of food. They also used the scrape up for clothing, making utensils, mobile huts while they also used the bones for making knives, scrappers among other tools. In the 17th century they acquired horses from the Spanish through trade and sometimes they would steal the horses. They included the horses in their routine buffalo hunting. In 1776 the Lakota people fought and defeated the Cheyenne people taking over the black hills region from them

Revisit my anwser to the question in week one What is Wisdom Essay

Revisit my anwser to the question in week one What is Wisdom - Essay ExampleMy initial sentimention of this view mainly derived through the book, The belong Days of Socrates by Hugh Tredennick and Harold Tarrant, has been reinforced by further readings of authors like William Thomas, Aldous Huxley, Joseph Piper, Victor Frank. Before reading Socrates, I was focused on the materialistic concepts of wisdom, believing that wisdom, inside context of modern life, refers to the success a person achieves materialistically. But after mulling over the philosophical musings of these renowned authors, I became aware that ones other foundationliness definitely plays a key role in evolving his individuality by which he strives for the pursuit of wisdom, and there by acquires happiness.Thus my distorted perception of forgiving wisdom and welfare transformed drastically through the treasure trove of knowledge I could acquire from the profound works of these great men. They promulgated the concep t that living the life of a values, guided by spiritually and motivated by true virtues, for the common good of humanity is one philosophy that brush aside salvage the mans soul rather than hours together spent in religious rituals or millions of sermons chanted to appease gods. It now transpires to me that wisdom is the requisite thread that holds together the astute concepts of spirituality, philosophy, ultimate happiness and there by supreme attainment of the soul. This, I understand, is the true meaning or purpose of life. The impingement of this has enabled me to think positively and see life in a new perspective and meaning as the realization dawns on me that overall what the present world lacks is the essential insight into the need of spirituality due to which its focus constantly shifts to the wrong direction of materialism. And, unfortunately humans fail to realize where this ignorance, that entails from the lack of wisdom, is difference to take them.The works of autho rs like Socrates, Thoreau, Huxley, Piper and Frankl read and

Recruitment, Selection and Deployment of Human Resources Case Study

Recruitment, Selection and Deployment of Human Resources - Case Study ExampleThe company lacked proper human resource planning when it came to recruitment and selection criteria which led to the problems above. The lack of proper motivation, unclear job specification, and minimal advertisement has been major deficiencies in Sodexos human resources. sound HR planning and management should mystify been exercised to take care of the shortage of employees beforehand which is one of the organizational models lacking in Sodexo. Organizational and HR strategies should have been in line in order to meet the HR demand and supply of employees.The only way to solve these problems in Sodexo is for the HR to come up with new planning strategies and adopt an organizational model that will address their problems. This will ensure that their recruitment and selection process is motivating, enforces comparable evaluation methods and considers ethnical diversity. Individual motivation according to H erzbergs theory is the main source of motivation for the recruits and will ensure the lasting solution to the problem of staffing facing Sodexo currently (Weihrich and Cannice, 2010).

Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast) - Country with High Mortality Assignment

Cote dIvoire (Ivory Coast) - Country with High Mortality - Assignment ExampleCote dIvoire is one of the countries with high mortality place in the world because of factors, such as malaria, diarrheal diseases, high illiteracy rates and deplorable health care system among others. As such, the country has a poor health statistics that needs to be addressed to achieve the needs and requirements of a healthy population. The paper aims at discussing why the Republic of Cte dIvoire is rated, according to 2010 statistical estimates, among the countries with the high mortality. This will be through an in-depth analysis of causal factors, affected populations, most impacted ages and group categories as well as socio-economic, political and environmental factors. Provision of requisite countermeasures will be proposed, with the paper drawing a conclusive analysis of the physical and mental health and public assistance of the nation.According to UNICEF (2013), the per capita status of the na tion is ranked at lower middle with a majority percentage of the population being urban dwellers. Statistically, the population per centum of the young is placed at an approximate 65% with those aged between the ages of 30 and 70 years comprising an approximated 30%. As of 2007, the percentage population ingathering rate was at 2.4% with life expectancy rates being placed at 48 years. In terms of national total fertility rates (per woman), it is approximated at (4.5 children per woman), which is relatively low as compared to its neighboring states. The nations HIV prevalence rate is placed at 3.9 %, which is relatively better than the comely rate of the African continent (UNICEF, 2013).In terms of infant (

Dramatic Irony in Sophocle's Oedipus Rex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dramatic Irony in Sophocles Oedipus Rex - Essay ExampleSophocless hammy badinage is shown in Oedipuss emotions, building up tension and prefiguring the plays climax. This paper discusses the use of irony in this play and determines exactly what types of irony he employs and the purpose and effect of his usage. Sophocless Dramatic Irony The dramatic irony in Oedipus Rex usually exists in lengthy dialogues. Oedipus always witnesses and views occurrences wrongly, and usually refutes that he has, actually, murdered his own generate so that he can be wedded to his mother. This issue is initially evident when he staged the murder of the psyche who took the life of Laios. He paradoxically labels that person a malevolent sea wolf. According to Bloom (2007), as Oedipus became a Thebess citizen following the assassination, he thinks that even though he actually murdered someone, he is excluded as a possible accomplice to Laioss murder. Thinking that his audience is knowledgeable of the pl ays climax, Sophocles uses that expectancy to build different scenarios where in dramatic, as well as communicative, irony serves major purposes. Nevertheless, mentioning each and every irony in the play would be sort of tedious, yet exciting. However, due to the vast abundance of irony in the play this paper only discusses the most noticeable among these ironies. Sophocles, by means of irony, successfully evades the humdrum method of narration hence, even though the spectators are aware of the outcome of the play they are still excited to know its ironies. When Oedipus, for instance, declares his fury over the killer of King Laius in the plays preface (Hobson 1993, 725)So will I fight on the gods side, And on the side of the slain man ... precisely my curse be on the one who did this, whether he is alone Or conceals his share in it with others. Let him be free of no misery if he share my house Or sit at my hearth and I have knowledge of it. On myself may it fall, as I have call ed it downward When the king declares these angry words he has unknowingly proclaimed his own sins, and to the elation of the people presaged future occurrences. This declaration is a typical illustration of verbal irony. In the above passage, Oedipus is actually denouncing himself, not some murderer as the speech is obviously referring to. Another case in point is his address when he responds to the crowd Because of all these things I will fight for him as I would my own murdered father (Bloom 2007, 23). The irony rests in this simple declaration, for Oedipuss father is the assassinated King Laius himself. Sophocles does not limit the type of irony to the verbal plaster cast he broadens the type of irony in a dramatic form as well (Hobson 1993). As stated by Bentley (1970), the whole story may be assumed to be an illustration of this since Oedipus is oblivious of his destiny, although the spectators are passing cognizant that the King will eventually become a pauper. The King i s actually aware of the predictions but he is not aware that these prophecies are already happening. As proclaimed by Oedipus, he has effectively showed that the predictions are incorrect, yet the spectators are aware that this is not true. The predictions have become a major subdivision of Oedipuss existence but he remains unaware of it. In his address to the Thebess public he avows that he will begin anew and will improve the standard of their living.

Cyber education Essay Example for Free

Cyber education EssayExaminations are a means of measuring the students learning in school and their capacity for moreover education. In this regard, the manner of teaching and the students learning methods are important. A student, while in primary and secondary schools, greatly relies on the teachers for experience, except for a fewer who do personal researches to further their arrest. More often than not, a student accepts what the teachers offer in school. With this set up, a student has to be abreast and oversolicitous with classroom word. He should take down notes and submit in a timely manner the projects and assignments given in school. Participation in classroom discussion and school activities must be encouraged. Interest in school must be inculcated in the mind of every student to support the knowledge and understanding obtained from the classroom. This is to enable the student to have a more enjoyable stay in school. The more enjoyable the learning process is, t he more retention of knowledge thither. Cyber education is not at all detestable.Students learning is more enhanced if the mode of teaching is something which interests him. Cyber education is one that interests me and I think, is equally true with others. Where there is not much interaction with the teachers, the concept that it is more enjoyable makes the information stick into our minds. However, the concern of many that this might lead to no interaction at all with teachers, thus prevents the control of teachers on the students disregarding their personal differences and characteristics, should not be disregarded.Their concern is equally important. Thus, it is humbly proposed that learning be not curb to the traditional type of teaching, but must be combined with cyber school on some selected subjects suitable to it. A student must be uncovered to both the traditional type of teaching and cyber school. It is of utmost importance that he is able to retain the information and ap ply what have been learned in school.

Comparasion Wks Essay Example for Free

Comparasion Wks EssayIndiana Common Core StandardsAnalyze the representation of a subject or a discern scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment. Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums, determining which details are emphasized in each account. Cite strong and thorough textual matterbookual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the break away of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details provide an objective summary of the text. Part One Directions Use the following criteria to compare the film Simon birch rod to the short fable The Scarlet Ibis.Simon BirchScarlet IbisSimilarities/DifferencesCharactersMain charactersProtagonist/AntagonistRound/FlatStatic/DynamicEvidenceuse a quote from the text AND a line from the story to ba ck up your answerSimon and joeDoodle and his big brotherThey erre twain narrated by the certify character PlotSetting impact on plot (if any)EventsEvidenceMotivationsCharactersSame/different?EvidenceTries to say that he is gods instrumentPoint of viewFirst or third person? check or omniscient?EvidenceFirst personFirst personThey were some(prenominal) in first person and the narrator wasnt the main character it was the second character SymbolsSymbols in storySymbols in ikonSymbols that are similar in bothAnything left out?EvidenceHis baseball cards and the armadilloThe scarlet ibisThey both mean something to the main characters ThemeTheme of the movieTheme of the storySimilarities in theme?Differences in theme?EvidenceSettingSetting of the storySetting of the movieSimilarities in setting?Differences in setting?EvidenceI think that is takes place in the 1950s?Because of the cars that was in the movieI dont know They both take place in the pastIronyIrony and type present in storyIr ony and type present in movieSimilaritiesDifferencesEvidenceHe loved to play baseball and he loved joes mom but he killed her with a baseball that he hit into foul territory Situational ridiculeDramatic irony because when the scarlet ibis died we new that doodle was soon going to die Both of the main characters die

French and Indian War DBQ Revise Essay Example for Free

French and Indian War DBQ Revise EssayIn the course of geezerhood through 1754-1763 the British were engaged in a war with their rival French. The conflict was known as the French and Indian War. It started when the colonies could not shift west, and the British trying to settle in the Ohio V totallyey and the French did not want them to expand. It was played entirely in North the States with the colonials on the British side. The conflicts in the midst of French and the British would cause a drastic change in the colonial-British relationship. It would alter the political, economic, and philosophical relations. The political aspect would change when the British would start taxing the colonies to pay of debt accumulated by the war. Just like James Ottis said, No taxation without representation, The colonies agree with the statement and believed they had the right to be represent. If they had representation, it would have been virtual, instead of treat. With direct represent ation the colonies would be able to overpower the government and vote for someone with their interests.The colonists though during this time were not use to the British paying so such(prenominal) attention, because Salutary Neglect happened before the war. This was when they loosely enforced the laws on the colonists. Other then the British now enforcing laws, the colonists also did not appreciate when they declared the promulgation of 1763. Canassatego, chief said, We must insist on your removing them They set the proclamation to keep the Indians happy. This availed prevent another uproar like Pontiacs Rebellion, and also did not allow colonists to feed westward. Also, during the war to keep the Iroquois Indians pleased, Franklin called the Albany Congress into plan.The economical piece also differed during the war. In the war, the British collected a great amount of debt. They believed that the colonials should be taxed to help pay off this debt. The British order in council s aid, Not only is revenue impaired, but the commerce of colonies diverted for its natural course (Doc F). They also believed in mercantilism, were they exported more than imported. By doing this they lost money and supplies, while benefiting the mother country. To repair money situations, the Navigation Acts were enforced to start generating revenue. After the Navigation Acts were enforced, the first work out declared to raise money came to power.It was known as the Stamp Act. In Document H, The TIMES are Dreadful, Doleful, Dismal, Dolorous, and DOLLAR-LESS (Newspaper Masthead). This was proof of the colonies hatred to the stamp tax. The stamp feat was like sales tax, where all merchandise purchased must be stamped. In the letter to John Huges from Benjamin Franklin, Undertaking to execute it may make you less-traveled for a time (Doc G). The act by the British was unpopular with the colonist, because they did not want to help by paying the debt.Along with economics, the philosoph ical stance of America toward the British changed as well. At the end of the war colonists were feeling powerful and more independent minded. The French were no longer a threat and they had the need to expand westward. The British on the other hand thought of the colonies in a whole different way. They believed they were laze and backwards. George Washington, I wish earnestly to do some knowledge of the military profession (Doc C). George Washington worked with Braddock with the British and even ending the war his views started to change. With the average age being sixteen and doubling all twenty-five years the British would not allow the colonies direct vote.They could not let, because with the French out of the way the colonies could now take over with their population outgrowth rapidly. With the population growing they wanted to expand west, but the Proclamation of 1763 would not permit it. Also now much of the land had shifted to the Spanish, with the French gone, as display ed in document A. The colonies believed they were being treated unfairly. In Massachusetts Soldiers diary, Who are but little better than slaves to their officers (Doc D). The British wee cruel to them and this throw an enormous impact on their relations.The political, economic, and philosophical relations of the British-colonial ship would be differed for the future to come. The relationship was strained, because of taxes needed to repay war debt, and not being represented for it. To have the claim over the river valley, but try to keep the Indians within their trust. They were there to please themselves and In the end the French lost almost all of the North American land that went to the Spanish. These conflicts led to the North American war called the French and Indian War, and later a greater conflict around the foundation as the seven years war.

The Respiratory Response To Exercise Physical Education Essay

The Respiratory Response To Exercise Physical Education showExercise refines the ability of the cardiorespiratory scheme to take oxygen from air inspired into the lungs, and then load and transport it more effectively. Greater efficiency in the movement of personal line of credit through the cardiovascular system allows greater amounts of oxygen to be transferred from the respiratory system and also lung size does not adjoin delinquent to class period by any estimable degree.When you are exercising your respiratory system responds by increasing the respiratory consecrate and tidal volume as you start to breathe heavily, deeper and quicker, so that a greater supply of oxygen can start out to the muscles. In contrast when you finish exercising your respiratory rate and tidal volume will decrease and gradually return to baseline. The increase in the respiratory rate and tidal volume in response to crop leads to an increase in the pulmonary ventilation and thus greater delivery of oxygen to the alveoli to meet the change magnitude demand of the exercising muscles. It also ensures greater remotion of carbon dioxide which is produced by the increased workload of the musculature.Responses to Anaerobic ExerciseIn order to immediately meet the unexpected higher energy demand, stored ATP is the for the first time energy source. This lasts for approximately 2 seconds.Muscles begin to fatigue when ATP resynthesis can no longer match requirement.If the physical exertion continues at a high intensity, and so Oxygen is not available at a fast enough rate to allow aerobic metabolism to take over, the production of lactic battery-acid will reach the point where it interferes with muscular function. This is called the Lactate threshold.When stored ATP is broken down into ADP + P, the rising ADP level excites Creatine Kinase to begin the division of Phosphocreatine (PC).The ATP-PC system can only last 8-10 seconds before PC stores are decreased.The lactic acid syste m (Anaerobic glycolysis) must then take over as the predominant source of energy production. High intensity (but sub-maximal) fare can last for between 3 and 5 minutes using this systemResponses to Aerobic ExerciseDue to the necessity of Oxygen being present for aerobic metabolism, the first few minutes of low to moderate intensity exercise are powered by anaerobic metabolism as described above.The intensity and length of exercise determines which fuel source is used. Fat metabolism is a slow process and so can only be used as fuel for exercise at less than 60% VO2 max.The intensity of exercise which can be maintained drops as fat cannot supply the required amount of energy.Continued low to moderate intensity exercise is then fuelled by carbohydrate and fat stores using aerobic metabolism.Carbohydrate is a much faster fuel source and so can be used for exercise up to 80% (in trained individuals).Carbohydrate stores within the muscle and liver can fuel exercise for up to 80 minutes . As carbohydrate stores get lower, the body has to rely more and more on fat stores.The effects of exercise training on the respiratory system During exercise of the muscle cells, the being use more oxygen and produce increased amounts of carbon dioxide. So after the exercise of the muscle cells your lungs and heart have to work harder to supply the tautologic oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide.Eventually your breathing rate increases and you breathe more deeply and also heart rate increases in order to transport the oxygenated blood to the muscles.Muscle cell respiration increases , more oxygen is used up and levels of carbon dioxide rise. The brain detects increasing levels of carbon dioxide and a signal is sent to the lungs to increase breathing. Breathing rate and the volume of air in each breath increase, which means that more gaseous exchange takes place. The brain also tells the heart to chastise faster so that more blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange. Mor e oxygenated blood is gets to the muscles and more carbon dioxide is removed.A conditioned athlete gradually develops increased maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and lung capacity, which are contributors to being fit and healthy.Moreover, athlete who has not properly trained their cardiovascular system is likely to incur another(prenominal) injuries more easily by the rapid onset of fatigue and the consequent lowering of motivation and mental awareness. For anyone emulating at varying acmes, they must allow themselves a considerable period to acclimatise before an event. Even climbing to a moderate altitude decreases the maximum uptake by 7% to 8% collectable to the change in atmospheric pressure. This decrease in oxygen being supplied to the muscles may decrease performance by 4% to 8% depending on the duration of emulation, a considerable disadvantage at the finish line. eventually, athlete who prepares and acclimatises well may still not match natives of high altitude areas such as the Andes, who have a larger chest capacity, more alveoli, larger capillary beds and higher red blood cell count.Thenceforth, people may suffer from altitude sickness when moving from low to high altitudes, sufficient time must also be allowed for these symptoms to vanish before starting intensive training.Conclusion biological control mechanisms increase ventilation in response to exercise to meet the demand for increased gas-exchange rates and to maintain PaCO2, pHa and PaO2 during moderate exercise and heavy exercise. Finally all humans possess specific kinds of muscle fibers, each of which is allotted relatively evenly throughout the muscles of the body in keeping with the genetic fundamental law of the individual. The two general muscle fiber types are fast twitch and slow twitch fibers. The definition between fast and slow is determined by the frequency with which the neuron that dominates the impulses that control the contraction of the particular fiber. Fast twitc h neurons begin at a rate of approximately 10 times greater frequency than does a slow twitch neuron.Also the effective function of fast twitch fibers is necessary to anaerobic sports such as sprinting and jumping. Specialized exercise, such as plyometric programs, can increase the performance of fast twitch fiber. The proportion of slow twitch muscle fibers, the backbone to the muscle function in stamina sports such as marathon running and cycling, will increase in proportion to fast twitch fibers when the athlete undergoes vigorous stamina training.

Nigerian And British Negotiating Styles

Nigerian And British Negotiating StylesIt backside be argued that cases of successful negotiators in businesses look at alship canal kept their vision of success straight. These people are advocated to full understand what they want along with a complete understanding of the negotiation process. The successful people do not solely confound an understanding of their preferred negotiating style but besides fully understand the preferred negotiating style of their counter cancel. Hence, this allows the m evoke to excel in achieving their goals. Recently, few of the academics have undervalued the stance of adopting appropriate negotiation styles. However, on the some other break it can be argued that an approach that works superb for the counterparts style of negotiation has the cogency of creating stand having a different negotiation style. Prudent people have been advocated the ones who carefully distinguishes and understands these differences and adopt a negotiating style tha t is best suited according the situation.This briefing publisher has highlighted the challenges in terms of varying negotiating styles that can be faced by The automobile trunk snoop. These include heathen barriers, communication barriers from the perspective of Hofstede model or period orientation, space orientation, nonverbal communication, power distance and uncertainty avoidance. The next section has briefed ab out(p) the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that the caller-up can face by setting their operations in Nigeria. Finally, the conclusions have focused on the precautionary measures that need to be interpreted by the manger of The Body Shop Comp whatsoever while carrying successful operations in Nigeria.2 Terms of ReferenceThis report is written as a part of focus consultancy report for The Body Shop accompany. This report is a short briefing paper that will inform The Body Shop with the ways that can be adopted by the company to set up business ope rations in Nigeria. This report will provide a brief on the ways and styles of negotiation that can be adopted by The Body Shop. The Body Shop is the worlds second largest cosmetic franchise in the world. The company runs about 2400 shops in a total of 61 countries. The headquarters of The Body Shop is based in West Sussex England. The company has now decided to open their operations in Nigeria.This report is being compiled by ABC consultants, who delineate in providing cultural specific information to help their clients set up their businesses in new environment. The company excels in providing high quality service in facilitating the client help combating their cultural related issues. This particular report is a brief for The Body Shop Company on the ways company should crystalize their upcoming cultural related problems in opening their business in Nigeria. The Body Shop has asked for the tips and information from the ABC consultants, on the differences in negotiating styles t hat prevail some(prenominal) in England and Nigeria. This will provide The Body Shop with some idea on what to expect from the business environment when executing operations in Nigeria.3 Overview of the SituationIn considering the cultural differences in both the Nigeria and Europe, it is definitive to expand on the cultural dimensions presented by Hosftede, Hall, Kluckholn, Strodtbeck and Carbaugh (Orientation, 2008). It is worth mentioning that there exist no function approach to negotiation but kind of there are good and bad approaches (LeBaron, 2008). For The Body Shop, to expand their business in a developing sylvan overmuch(prenominal) as Nigeria, will be expected to be exposed to a material body of challenges. The challenges that the company can encounter includes3.1 NegotiationThe literature suggests that managers and officials in Nigeria have very limited exposure to other horti market-gardenings and hence like to perform their activities the way they want to perf orm (Katz, 2008). Specifically in Nigeria the culture is such that there exist contingency negotiate (Katz, 2008). The people of Nigeria adopt the cooperative style of negotiation but generally people may avoid compromises unless it is important (Katz, 2008). The preferred approach generally adopted by people is not win/win (Adair, 2001) The habit of Nigerians is that they will try to draw more outcomes out of the entire deal, without having regards for being fair to the other companionship (Adair, 2001) The Body Shop has to keep in mind that Nigerians have the capability to trick other troupe into inferior terms and conditions (Katz, 2008). Most importantly, in any situation of conflict the Nigerians are not very prone to compromise situation (Masayuki and M., 1993).Nigerians normally confide in sharing information as a means to develop trust but on the other hand side the other party essential beware of the frauds that are a common practice (Graham et al., 1994). Normally t he pact with which these negotiations take place is quite slow (Katz, 2008). The act of building relationships with Nigerians, bargaining and decision do takes much longer than expected (Katz, 2008). It is advisable for The Body Shop to be patient and control emotions about this delay because it is a part of their culture (Katz, 2008). It is worthwhile for the Body shop to keep in mind that the Nigerians prefer a coloured work style (LeBaron, 2008). They normally take up on a number of things at the same time (LeBaron, 2008). At the time of negotiation, the Nigerians keep jumping back and forth on different topics rather than addressing one at a time (LeBaron, 2008). Whereas, the Europeans follow a monochromic style and consider one thing at a time (LeBaron, 2008). This may confuse the personnel of Body Shop. When it comes to bargaining, the Nigerians love haggling and feel offended if not welcomed (LeBaron, 2008). The Body Shop have to keep in mind that they facts can be revisite d to their advantage, provided if Nigerians reciprocate on agreed areas (LeBaron, 2008).3.2 Time OrientationsThere are two different orientations to time that exist in the world. These are the monochromic and polychromic cultures (Kirkman et al., 2006)3.2.1 Negotiators from Polychronic cultureIt should be kept in mind that Nigerians have no fixed timings for meetings (Reisinger and Crotts, 2010)They take more breaks in work (Soares et al., 2007)Are normally well-heeled with high level of informationNormally overlap talksConsider the start time of anything as flexible and not take lateness3.2.2 Negotiators from Monochronic culturesThe culture in Europe follow specific timings for beginning and ending the undertaking (Taras et al., 2010a)They prefer scheduled breaks (Taras et al., 2010b)Consider one thing at a time (Williams and Zinkin, 2008)They bank on specific and detailed authentic communicationLike talking in sequenceConsider lateness as devaluing3.3 Space OrientationsThese sp ace orientations as well as vary across different cultures (LeBaron, 2008). This refers to the physical distance that is considered comfortable according to a specific culture (Arrindell, 2003, Baskerville, 2003). The personal space that is preferred in Europe is much more than that in developing countries like Nigeria. This space will too consider the aspect of eye contact. In Europe the eye contact is taken for its reliability whereas in Nigeria it may be seen considered as disrespectful (Eckhardt, 2003, Ford et al., 2003, Peterson, 2003). There are many differences in spatial preferences based on age, gender, contemporaries and class which postulate to be taken into handbill (Lederach, 1995). Therefore, space call for to be considered as a variable in negotiation (Lederach, 1995).3.4 Nonverbal confabulationIt can be one of the problems that The Body Shop needs to take into consideration. It can be argued that in intercultural studies, some cultures uses silence as one of t he ways to negotiate, whereas some use none at all (Nancy, 1997). Nigerians may consider hugging as a trusting relationship whereas Europeans find it too inner(a) (Sharma, 2003).3.5 Power distanceHofstede uses power distance to explain the score of acceptance of unequal power among people (Tavakoli et al., 2003) Generally, in Nigeria the power distance among people is quite much, where some are considered superior to others due to factors such as social status, age, race, gender and education. Whereas, in Europe the power distance is less and advocates equality among individuals (Williamson, 2002). Generally, Nigerians have hierarchical structures, clear delegacy figures and consider their right to use their power (Yoo and Donthu, 2002) Whereas, in Europe there are flat organizational structures, shared authority and consider their right to use power only in some circumstances (Yoo and Donthu, 2002)3.6 Uncertainty AvoidanceIt related to the national culture that relates to uncert ainty and the degree of adapting to change (Ford et al., 2003) It can be argued that Nigeria does not welcome uncertainty and ambiguity. Nigerians normally place high value to risk avoidance and depend on quest formal rules and procedures (Ford et al., 2003) It is normally not a common thing to trust a non family member in Nigerian culture (Ford et al., 2003) On the other hand side, the Europeans have high tolerance for risk. They value risk taking, solving problems and have flat organizational structures (Ford et al., 2003)3.7 Masculinity-FemininityIt refers to the extent to which a culture values boldness (Cronje, 2011) It also refers to the role of men and women in organizations (Cronje, 2011) The Europeans are more assertive and task-oriented as opposed to Nigerians. There are rigid gender roles in Nigerian culture as opposed to that in Europe (Cronje, 2011)3.8 CommunicationNigerian follows direct and straight forward communication when it comes to friends and business (Miglior e, 2011). They can easily say no in case they do not like something in particular. In early stages of business they may seem non-committed and communicate indirectly. In situations of silence shows anger or displeasure. Nigerians also value eye contact (Migliore, 2011).4 Analysis of Situation4.1SWOTof Body ShopThe Body Shop has a team of management that has specific expertise on areas such as negotiations. They need to keep in mind the negotiation styles and techniques that are followed by the Nigerian businessmen. The company has the capability to attract the customers due to their high quality body care products. It has an edge over its rivals based on its uniqueness that can be depicted from making products from natural content of the environment (Huang and Xu, 2009).One of its weaknesses is that the image it tries to portray does not parallel reality. The company claims for having natural products but they are seldom fresh. Other ostracize for them is that there will be hostili ty by the locals because the people generally dont want outsiders to operate in their country. The company will have to bear the cultural barriers including language and gestures etc. the Nigerians welcome bribes in many cases, hence making it confusing and difficult for The Body shop to understand what is required by the other party (Hartman and Beck-Dudley, 1999).Greatest opportunity for The Body Shop will be to enter new market and attract new customers. That will allow the company to increase their customer base. The business will also tie new contacts and understand the culture properly, making it easy for Body Shop to enter into any other new market having the same culture (Awe, 2000, Kintish, 2002).The major threats that will be posed to The Body Shop will be the local cosmetic providers that already have been serving in the market for decades. The local people living in Nigeria will find it confusing and difficult to make the initial switch due their lack of knowledge on ho w it is different from any local cosmetic provider.5 PESTEL Analysis of Body Shop in two CountriesA PESTEL analysis of Body shop in both countries has also been conducted. Body Shop has a number of political issues which would be important for the company (Awe, 2000). In Nigeria, the company would have to deal to deal with uncertainty and political turmoil, as the government is not stable. In UK, the negotiators would be faced with different issues, such as the spending cuts and government bureaucracy. The stinting factors which would be considered by the negotiators in Nigeria would involve the aspects of changing currency markets and economic hardship due to the global economic crisis. Similar factors would also be visible in UK. The social factors influencing negotiators in Nigeria would be related to the working conditions of the human force. They would have to ensure that the local culture of male dominance does not come into play, as Body Shop would want to portray a positive international image from the operation. A number of technological factors would also influence the Body Shop operations (Li et al., 2010, Huang and Xu, 2009), which would include online shopping and the availability of a online managed supply chain in Nigeria. The technological factors would also influence the working conditions of the workforce, which would be a key negotiating tactic. Environmental issues such as the making sure of good environmental policy for any afterlife operation, and government regulations governing these must also be taken into consideration. Finally, legal issues are also important for the negotiating for Body Shop (Awe, 2000, Kintish, 2002). All new operations must fulfill international and local legal requirements, and this is carefully considered when starting a new operation and negotiating working conditions with local representatives.6 Solutions and RecommendationsIt has been concluded that it is altogether difficult to track the starting points t hat are used by the negotiators belonging from different national settings. The reason for this is that cultures are constantly changing with changing times. From other perspective, it can be argued that cross-cultural negotiation literature is based on the organizational areas and hence it cannot be applied to the area of intractable conflicts. It can also be concluded that The Body Shop will have acquire the know how about the way things are done in different situations in Nigeria. It should be kept in mind by the company that setting operations in Nigeria would mean changing their ways of dealing with businesses. The managers of The Body Shop need to be more vigilant on communication as a means of bridging the cultural gap. It is recommended that Body Shop must study the Nigerian culture carefully so that they can make business deal successful. It is also recommended that before entering in Nigerian market, some research must be carried out to measure the worth of the target mar ket that the company intends to cater to. The space orientation, time orientation must be taken into account while conducting the business dealings with the locals. Since, The Body Shop is a multinational, in order for it to keep up with its reputation, the manager responsible for its operations in Nigeria needs to set the timescales and deadlines well in advance, keeping in mind the laidback attitude of Nigeria. The people of Nigeria are usually use to be being pushed for work, therefore it needs to be kept in mind by the expatriate of Body Shop to keep motivating their workforce every now and then to make their business successful in Nigeria. Moreover, the manager for Body Shop needs to keep motivating team work because it is the most common way of achieving task in Nigeria.

Flavor Principles: Theory of Preferences and Rejection

Flavor Principles Theory of Preferences and Rejection sustenance, as defined by the dictionary is a substance that provides nutrients for maintenance and growth when have gotd. The term itself is general and could be seen from antithetical point of public opinions, thus, cr consume other function words such(prenominal) as feeding and eating. The word feed is usually utilised when animals is necessitated, while the word eat is employ when humans ar involved. Feeding and eating is distinguished by its functions feeding itself merely involves the gathering of viands, while on the other hand, eating does not and involve gathering of fodder, but besides cultivating and raising livestock. Due to this reason, some nutrients ar only available to genuine groups, allowing the development of customs that decides amid the parve and inedible as well as the manners involved during consumption. (Kittler and Sucher, 2004)Food on its own does not only function as source of nutrients. Food could define an indistinguishability of a person, functions as symbols in religions, as well as defines a cultivation. As an example in Muslim countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia, a person who consumes pork would be Chinese. If the person is not categorized as Chinese, the person might be Buddhist, Catholic, or other religion that do not limit these people to consume. It is undeniable that thither is consanguinity between the diet that people eat, perceived value of others as well as the route in which people characterize themselves. (Kittler and Sucher, 2004)Stein and Nemeroff (1995) support this with their research which involves college students which were to rate profiles of people based on their diets. Diets were termed as good fares and awful fares. Good foods ar the foods that are categorized as healthy and contain less fat such as fruit, salad and whole wheat bread. composition on the other hand, bad foods are the foods that are categorized as unhealthy such as steak, hamburgers and french fries. The result showed students who eat good foods are judged generally to be fit, supple and is perceived as more attractive, quiet and more analytical than those who consume bad foods.The way of swear outing food within original group that includes every step of the process starting from selection, distribution, preparation and consumption creates similar pattern which are unique towards their eating behavior. These patterns are known as food habit. (Kittler and Sucher, 2004)Basically, thither are contrastive operators that affect soul food habits and these chemical elements are inter link up. Conner (1993) created a basic model that determines individual food intake.Adapted from Understanding Determinants of Food quality Contributions from Attitude Research by Mark Conner, 1993The food symptomatic in the diagram consists of the physical and chemical straitlacedties as well as nutrient subject area of the food. It plays as one of the basic single-valued functions to food choice due to the fact that it is often related to physical wellbeing whether there will be allergic, vexation or long term outcome that might affect growth, weight or even diseases caused. (Falk et al, 2001)Economic factors consist of price and availability. Price determines the economic lieu of a country, which estimates behavior of the consumers. While on the other hand, availability simply determines the food consumed by for each one individual (Rozin, 2007). There is cl proterozoic a relationship between food consumption and economic condition (Ozimek and Biemans, 2011). In their studies is mentioned the structure of food consumption on Poland, which is determined by its economic development. They showed that in the first 1990s, consumers reduced their expenses on dairy products due to increase in price (Kramer, 1993). As there is constant increase each consecutive years, the share on food expenses fell dropped from 41.3 percent i n 1989 (Bywalec, 2000) to 20.3 percent in 2008, especially among the basic foodstuffs such as milk, eggs, rice and grains when compared to 2007 (Central Statistics Office, 2008). Nevertheless, although generally the share dropped, there is distinguishable consumption level of step in among the socio-economic groups. As an example, in 2008, there is an increase in consumption of fruit juice and vegetable juice among those with highest income. While there is an increase in bread, flour and milk among those with lowest income.On the other hand, social factors consist of culture, religion practices, media and social pressures through parents and friends. Food habit is principally determined by culture. In fact, human is the product of interactions between biology and culture (Poulain, 2009). Thus, in Poulain context, culture is involved both biologically and socially. Biologically, culture is already written in the genetics. Rozin (1991) studied the correlation in food gustatory sen sations between parents and child, and found the correlation to be very low. While socially, human grow up in the milieu that is determined by that certain culture. This is supported by the statement made by Mead (1943) who perceives food habits as systematically interconnected food behavior of individuals that has been raised within that certain cultural tradition. Other components such as religion practices (e.g. Pork are banned among the Muslim), media (e.g. children open(a) to fictional characters such as Popeye) and social pressures (e.g. social positioning) are attached to the environment where each individual is raised.While economic and social factors do not seem to be interrelated, Poulain (2009) studies the relationship between the both. In his study, Poulain mentioned that each individual has the ability to control resources through their demand, due to the value created in the social look that each individual is raised in. This creates ecological constraints by chan ging the environment, as an example through irrigation, sanitation and pollution. The ecological constraints created affect the availability on resources. This, thus, affects the country economically.Food feature of speech and economic/social factor are the factors that shape individual intuitions in terms of sensory, physiologically and psychologically. In a way, these factors automatically program a certain individual to behave according to the environment that they have been raised at.Sensory is the perception of appearance, smell, examine and cereal. Kittler and Sucher (2004) mentioned that every individual has the ability to predict the sensory characteristic of a certain food and decide whether these characteristics would be acceptable. This ability is usually obtained based on foods that are culturally acceptable. As an example in double-u Africa, there is preference towards bright orange color obtained from sweet potatoes as their staple food. Thus, the first sequenc e they are exposed to colors that are contradictory, there is tendency to reject the food.ageIn spare to that, age also plays important role in adjustment of taste. This is due to the fact that preference of taste differs as individual matures. Human has the ability to detect flavors, texture Drenowski Gomez (2000), Stubbs et al (2000), Anderson (1995) and Burch (1992) in Kittlers book, mentioned that during infancy and childhood, individual has better preference towards sugars and fats. The preference will bankers bill in early teenage years, and will then subside in the later years. This explains the reason for coffee preference for individual in later years.While sensory forms attitude towards food, physiological factor is one of the individual characteristic is the process that happens in the body itself (Rozin, 2007). These processes act as stimulant to motivate each individual to consume the food. The processes happens in two forms metabolic and neural. Metabolic process ta kes place in the body by processing the nutrients composed in the food. In this case, nutritional information is stored in individuals nervous system. On the other hand, neural process takes place in the brain. The information stored during metabolic process is integrated unneurotic with factors that lead to food consumption such as ambience, environment and others.On the other hand, psychological factor is all the aspects that relates to individuals behavior psychologically in regards to food. It includes two components individuals attitudes and perceived social pressures. Attitude is internal and estimates the benefits, personality, mood, preferences and other factors that affect it. Usually, it is affected by beliefs regarding the outcome after performing that certain behavior, whether good or bad. (Shepherd, 2007) As an example any contact with pork is believed to be sinful for Muslims. Thus, no Muslim consumes pork. While on the other hand, perceived social pressure is externa l. It includes others perception of performing that behavior such as parental ascertains, peer influences and the media as well. (Rozin, 2007)ACCULTURATION PROCESSIt is undeniable that food characteristic, economic and social factors plays major role in shaping early individual eating behavior. Nevertheless, this does not imply that eating behavior will stay the same. In fact, eating behavior changes all over time due to events and experiences.When an individual that belongs to a certain ethnicity is moved to a place with different cultural norms, they undergo an acculturation process. Acculturation is the transformation process that an individual experience when transferred to a place with different cultural norms. The transformation whitethorn occur at two different level micro and macro. inside micro level, the transformation reflects in individuals attitudes, beliefs and behavior. While on the macro level, the transformation may reflect physically, economically, socially or po litically (Satia-About a et al 2002 in Kittler and Sucher).Acculturation at micro and macro level may develop steadily based on length of stay. Nevertheless, acculturation of food habits works in a different way. Food habits do not develop steadily it does not change early food habits to general food habits of the majority of the state (Kittler and Sucher, 2004). Natives may or may not experience acculturation in food habits whether it is in term of frequency of daily meal intake, local dishes consumed or food preferences. Kim and Chan (2004) studied the acculturation of dietary pattern of Korean Americans. In their studies, they found that 87% of middle aged Korean still prefer to consume Korean food rather than American food after migrating to the USA, but 51% presume changes in their dietary habits. In fact, changes in diets and casing of meals consumed are found in individuals who were born or stayed longer in the USA instead.The theory of acculturation could be further expla ined with another conceptual model of food choice. The components involved in the model may be similar to the basic model. Nevertheless, it could be utilized to make the theory of acculturation.Psychology of Food Choice by Richard ShepherdBased on the model on the previous page, the main component of food choice starts with life course. Life course involves individuals experiences events and turn points in life. When individuals encountered different environments (socially or culturally), situations and experiences with food, they build their own life course that entails both past and current eating experiences. This enables them to have standard expectations of food in the future, which automatically develops their perception of certain food over time (Sobal et al in Sheperds, 2004).Within an individual life course there are always collar components involved thoughts (trajectories), turning points (transitions) and time (timing). Thoughts play as the base, as it defines the deci sion made when it comes to food. However, it changes over time due to turning points and time.TrajectoriesThis is basically individuals perception of food choice within their life course. It involves individuals attitudes thoughts, feelings and actions throughout their lifespan (Devin et al, 1998 in Sobals). It is created in the early childhood based on types of food exposed, and thus, develops reference for individuals when making decisions regarding food in the future. In short, it is interchangeable. Nevertheless, due to early exposures of food, the decisions made often involve the same food selections regardless of the situations encountered (e.g. ageing and changes in health) (Paquette and Devine, 2000 in Sobals)TransitionsT his is the change in individuals life that changes their trajectories (Devine et al, 1998 in Sobals). It could be minor events that lead to small detour in life or even radical events that acts as turning points that changes life the opposite way. Neverthe less, these events have the ability to redesign new food trajectories. Examples of these events are changes in employment, illness and migration to a place with different culture (Devine, 2005 in Sobals)TimingThis represents the timing that these transitions happen within the life course of an individual. Timing places an important role as it determines the level of influence in the change of food habits (Devine, 2000 in Sobals). As an example during bird flu, people tend to eat less poultry to avoid the virus. Nevertheless, people may not hold no bird diet without the flu.Influences, on the other hand, provide factors that contribute in the change of trajectories. These factors act as support for individuals to change their perception towards food. Without these factors, individuals may not experience change in their food habits.ContextsContext is basically the environment in which people make food choice. Views could be seen environmentally (climate), socially (standardized beha vior), biologically (nutrients) or economically (availability). A simple example would be the availability of ingredients due to weather. Not all ingredients are available during certain season. It is undeniable that surroundings changes constantly through different views. Thus, it also affects the construction of food choices. (Avery et al, 1997 in Rozins)Resources ( plain and Intangible)Resources determine the availability of ingredients, materials and other sources involved in the process of food choice. Tangible resources may be in a form of money, equipment, transportation and storage space. On the other hand, intangible resources are in a form of time, skills and knowledge. It could also be in a form of advice and emotional support (Senauer et al, 1991)IdealsIdeal is the set of thoughts that defines the acceptability level of food. It plays an important role through thoughts about proper meals, manners and health. In addition to that, it also determines the way in which indivi dual should eat. The flexibility of ideals are determined by the social factors of food. (Sobal, 1998 and Devine et al, 1999b)Social FactorsSocial factor determines food choice through relationships that each individual builds. Through relationships, individual determines the place, the time, the type of food and the way in which they should adapt to eat. (Sobal, 2000) individualized factorsPersonal factor involves internal factors that influence food choice. Based on figure 1, this involves all the factors under individual characteristics.The last component that contributes to food choice is personal systems. Personal system is a process whereby people apply all the factors under influences into practice. Individuals, in this case construct determine and classify foods and situations based on the values that was perceived before. Nevertheless, values perceived by individuals vary differently. Values perceived could be in form of taste, convenience, cost and health (Connors et al, 2001). Personal system allows individuals to involve their emotions and develop strategies pertaining to food selections in different situations. (Falk et al, 1996, Furst et al, 1996, Connors et al, 2001 in Kittler and Sucher)TasteTaste is basically the first impression a person considers during consumption. Perception of taste could be described as appearance, odor, flavor and texture. Nevertheless, taste has the tendency to change overtime (Sobal et al, 2004).ConvenienceConvenience involves time, ability, mental or physical involvement in preparing, overwhelming and cleaning up after eating.Justify more for each pointsCostCost represents monetary involvement that includes the level of monetary value. This determines sensitivity towards certain product. Individuals with unconditioned income may still be sensitive towards price due to its monetary value.HealthHealth involves thoughts and considerations regarding physical wellbeing. As an example foods that may result in digestive discomfort, allergic reactions will not be considered to be consumed.Based on the components involved in food choice, acculturation process happens within the life course, when there is alteration in trajectories. Trajectories alter when there is match between aspects under influences and personal system. Influences construct trajectories at the beginning as well as during transitions.Early exposure during childhood that involves influences such as friends, family, culture and environment sets the base of individuals thoughts. It creates individuals identity and personal systems based on values taught by the environment that individuals develop in. This sign programming in trajectories usually shapes individuals eating skills, table manners, social activity relating to the food and also determining the social group that individuals are categorized in (Poulain, 2009).Kim and Chan (2004), in their research, thus, proves that Koreans who are born and lived longer in Korea tend to have higher level of food acculturation, which is related positively with language, media, friendship, food. They babble out more English, follow American diet and associates with American-style friends. Relating to the theory of acculturation, these individuals have been exposed to this type of environment. Thus, the values taught differ as well to their native values.During transitions, individuals are exposed to different forms of influences. They tend to associate with new friends and new environments. This happens in events such as migration, change in employments, illness or even accidents. With these changes, individuals automatically adapt to the new situations. Exposure to new thoughts, perceptions and environments widen up individuals thoughts and values. Theoretically, values obtained through these influences are processed into the personal systems to see whether it match the aspects. With addition of timing involved, such as length of stay, acculturation will then happen an d produce new trajectory.Olsen and Wandel (2005), in their research, prove that acculturation in food happens among Pakistani immigrants women in Oslo, Norway. Resources are one of the reasons that change their food habits. Fish, meat, chicken could be obtained in everyday lives in Norway, whereas in Pakistan, these meats tend to be included as status food, and could only be obtained once a week. Thus, there is increase in meat consumption after the migration. Paratha is no longer consumed for breakfast, but bread is utilized instead. This is because it is considered to be unhealthy as it could give digestion problem due to the cold climate in Norway.The result obtained by Olsen and Wandel (2005) could be related to the relationship between influences and personal systems. Consumption of paratha moves to bread after few years, although women experience hard time at first. This is because both paratha and bread are considered as bread. This, thus enable them to match the requirement from the influences towards the personal system they have built in their initial programming.COMPONENTS INVOLVED TO DETERMINE FOOD HABITSTo fully understand food habits from different cultures, the basic models have been developed by researchers. However, these models basically categorize components involved in food habits that need to be compared between different cultures to further understand food habits (Kittler and Sucher, 2004).Core and Complementary FoodsAdapted from Food and CultureKittler and Sucher (2004)Based on the diagram that is adapted above, the most inner layer of the model represents the type of food that is most consumed in individuals diet, followed by the least. In this case, core food is the type of food that is most consumed. Basically, this is due to the fact that core food represents the staples. These foods could be rice, wheat and corn. These types of foods will not be omitted in an individuals diet and consumed on daily basis.On the other hand, complement ary foods are the food items that are consumed to mend the palatability of core food in terms of taste, texture and smell. The types of food could be meat and vegetables, ranging from different types of cooking method. Usually, the types of core and complementary foods consumed determine the identity of the culture that an individual belongs to.Secondly, secondary foods are the type of food that is consumed less frequently. The items involved in this could be meat, vegetables and fruits. The items that are included under this type may also be categorized under complementary food, depending on the frequency of consumption. As an example a persons diet includes rice and chicken daily. Fruits are consumed thrice a week. Thus, chicken is the complementary food, while fruits are the secondary foods.Lastly, peripheral foods are the food that is preferable towards individuals, but are not included in the cultural diet. Kittler and Sucher (2004) mentioned that changes in food habits often happens with this type of food more rather than core foods.Kocturk and Runefors (1991) design a model that explains the process of retaining and changing food habits in relation to the core and complementary model. The model involves two major components identity and taste. Identity is created due to exposures towards the same ingredients, flavors, textures since early childhood. When individuals retain its cultural eating habit, they consider identity first and taste later on. Whereas, when individuals change their food habits, they consider taste at the beginning.Kocturk and Runefors (1991)Adapted from Changes in Food Habits among Pakistani Immigrant Women in Oslo, Norwayby Olsen and Wandel (2005)The statement is supported by Verbeke and Lopez (2001) who compares the food attitudes between the Belgians and the Hispanic (Latin-American) group living in Belgium, based on aspects on attitudes and perception on the food. Among all the aspects included, taste and texture are involved as well. The foods of the Hispanics were termed as ethnic food. Result shows that the Belgians perceive taste, appearance and authenticity to be important aspects when consuming ethnic food. While the Hispanics, consider other criteria towards Belgian foods.Kocturk also mentions that incorporation of new diet starts with the accessory food. Comparing to the previous core and complementary food model, accessory food is basically the combination of peripheral and secondary food. Fruits, dairy products, fats and nuts are considered under accessory food. This is because, these foods is often categorized as additional to a certain meal. In contrast to changes in complementary food, accessory food takes much lesser time to adapt. On the other hand, core food stays as it is for generations.Kocturk did his research among Iran immigrant in Uppsala. Result shows that changes are seen most on accessory food. This is shown in the change of type of snack consumption from modify fruits and nuts to potato chips dairy products from fresh cheeses and yoghurt to sweet milk and aged cheese. While on the other hand, Swedish bread as staples that has relation towards Iran bread stays as its core foodFlavor PrinciplesFlavor principles in every meal involve pervasive and distinctive seasonings which enable the family to characterize a certain cuisine (E.Rozin, 1981 in Pliner). Raw ingredients are exposed to different herbs, spices, marinades that suit the society culturally during preparation, creating certain characteristic of taste, texture and smell of the food (Kittler and Sucher, 2004). As an example Japanese cuisine involves soy sauce, rice wine vinegar and sugar. On the other hand, Korean cuisine involves fermented cattle ranch such as Kochu-Jang. These seasonings are used in every meal, exposing the society to the flavor principles itself, creating trademark of each cuisine and acceptance towards individual.Kittler and Sucher (2004) add to the statement by mentioning tha t the principles of flavor within a culture, is not so much of a question of preparing the food. In fact, preparation and seasoning of food is placed second to the initial selection of the ingredients. This is because, during selection process, there are certain aspects that play major roles weather, soil texture, source of water, drainage system, natural minerals contained in the soil itself, and other environmental factors involved. These aspects may affect the taste of the ingredients. As an example wine products tend to have different taste when it comes from different countries and even regions within the country itself.Thus, the make love of acceptance of flavor principles of each individual of a culture is still relating back to the factors that were mentioned in the general theory of food choice, regardless whether socially, biologically and environmentally. The early exposure towards cultural food started the environment, which determines availability biologically, in the wombs and written in the genetic (Poulain, 2009) strengthened by social influences through parents, friends and media (Conner, 1993). In short, the general view of a society perception of flavor principles is still relating back to one, which is exposure.Due to the exposures towards certain flavors culturally, individuals often have problems in incorporating new flavor principles to their diet. The neophobic attitude presents in every human program individuals to keep them in the safe track, preventing them to alter their programmed flavor principles against flavors that are familiar (Schulze and Watson, 1993 in Pliner and Salvy).Nevertheless, just as how individuals obtain their initial flavor principles culturally, the theory of obtaining other flavor principles stays the same, based on the general theory and/or acculturation process. Strategies may be utilized to improve individuals preferences towards new flavors such as repeated exposures and evaluative conditioning. These stra tegies affect one familiarity and preference towards the food.Repeated exposuresStudies show that there is higher probability that individuals acquire preference towards the food when repeated exposure is involved. This is due to the fact that, exposures transform negative reaction to positive reaction (Zajonc and Markus, 1982). As an example Mexican children are not born with preference towards chili peppers. However, Mexican mothers season its ingredients with chili peppers. With the same exposures towards the same taste, children tend to grow up by overcoming their fear towards chili pepper and grow fond of it (Rozin and Schiller, 1980 in Zajonc and Markus).Evaluative conditioningEvaluative conditioning involves pairing of taste and appearances with flavors that are mostly preferable (e.g. sweet taste) (Rozin and Zellner, 1985 in Kittler and Sucher). As an example by pairing coffee (bitter taste) with cream and sugar (sweet taste) enables individuals to increase their tendency o f preference towards coffee (Rozin, 1996 in Eeertmans et al).Flavor Principles (Theory of Preferences and Rejection)The theory of explains the process that leads to individuals perception of flavor which will affect individuals programmed principles of flavor. In this case, there are two behaviors involved affective responses (feeling of pleasure) and cognitive behavior, which analyze the surroundings.Cognitive behavior, identify the features, benefits of a certain object and evaluate them, which will then determine the type of response (Zajonc and Markus, 1982).. In this case, flavor is perceived through taste, smell, appearance, texture, fat content, temperature and sensations. Taste is then related to each of these components for evaluation, and produce affective responses (usually determined by the amount of sucrose and fats) (Eertmans et al, 2001).On the other hand, disgust/rejection is obtained through the negative oral experience (Rozin in Shepherds, 2006). The response is te rmed as distaste response. Usually, individual experience distaste response due to the nature of the food, which could not fit to individuals flavor principles.Determinants of a MealElements that stand for a meal vary based on culture. It could be types of staples, order of dish, alternate meals, frequency of eating and serving size. These elements are grouped under meal patterns and meal cycles (Kittler and Sucher, 2004). With the variation of elements involved, meal patterns and meal cycles automatically vary as well depending on the culture.Meal patterns involve elements that persuade individuals within a culture to consider it as proper meals. These elements could be types of core and complementary food, its method of preparation, dish order (appetizer, main course and dessert), snacking options and types, celebration and portion size (Kittler and Sucher, 2004). As an example, in Asian cultures, starch such as rice must be included in a meal to be considered as proper meal. Oth er form of starch such as noodle could be utilized as a substitute as well. Nevertheless, for some Asians, these substitutes could not be utilized. Rice is one of the elements that is a must within a meal.Meal cycle, on the other hand is basically the timing that meals occur. It involves the frequency of meals and the right time as to when it is consumed. These times could be within a day (involving breakfast, lunch and dinner) or during events such as Christmas or Thanksgiving.During acculturation process, perception of taste is not the only aspect that changes, although in one of the models of acculturation, only taste and identity are involved. In fact, meal patterns and meal cycles is affected as well. In the studies by Olsen and Wandel (2005), Pakistani immigrants alter their meal consumption from 3 times of hot meal per day to 1 hot meal after staying in Norway substitute paratha with bread and increase its consumption of fish. Kittler and Sucher (2004) did a similar study by comparing meal cycles and patterns of few nationalities before and after their stay in the USA. Korean meals for example consists of three traditional meals, however, after their stay in the USA, Korean meals consists of American foods for breakfast and lunch, while their dinner remains the same.FOOD HABIT IN MALAYSIAInfluence of Foreign Culture in Malaysian CuisineWith the multiethnic races that are present in Malaysia, Malaysian cuisine is the product obtained from the influence of these races. The influence is traced back through the history, during British colonial, whereby the biggest migration was from India and China. As a result, the Malays living in Malaysia currently are the combination of proto-Malays, Indians, and Chinese. Other migration comes from Indonesia. This results in the strong influence towards their cuisine (Yoshino, 2010).In addition to that, the country itself is located next to Thailand (West Malaysia) and Indonesia (East Malaysia). In the North of West Mal aysia, it is