Jing-Mei Woo: The Joy Luck Club Essay

In this chapter we are introduced to the Joy Luck Club which originated all the way back in China when Jing-Mei Woo’s mother Suyuan was in the city of Kweilin. At the Joy Luck Club a group of old Chinese women sit around and eat and after that they sit down in a table to play a friendly game of Mah-Jong. At the Joy Luck Club there are 4 major members, Lindo Jong, Ying-ying St. Clair, An-Mei Hsu, and Suyuan Woo. In the beginning of the chapter we learn that Suyuan has died and Canning Woo, Jing-Mei’s father and Suyuan’s husband has asked Jing-Mei to take her mothers place at the Mah-Jong meeting. In this chapter we learn of how Suyuan had lived in China and during the war as the Japanese were slowly invading China, she had to take her family and leave for the city of Kweilin while her husband, Suyuan’s first husband that is, goes off to Chunking to fight the Japanese. In this chapter we learn about the other Mah Jong players, Lindo Jong, mother of the young girl Waverly, Ying-ying, a woman married to a white man and An-Mei Hsu. In the end of the chapter they old ladies tell Jing-Mei how they have contacted her long lost sisters and they want to send her to China to meet them. The story is quite interesting so far, its interesting to see how the women in this story resemble the way my own Chinese grandmother acts. Its quite funny too actually be able to know what Mah Jong is although I have been so white washed. I was born here in America so all I’ve ever known is American culture and although I look 100% like a Chinese kid would, when I went to visit China for the first time I felt so different from them. An-Mei Hsu: Scar We learn how An-Mei’s father is long gone and that her grandmother who has been a predominant figure in her life is slowly dying. While An-Mei is describing her dying Grandmother (Popo), she talks about her real mother who had dishonored the family by going off to marry a man with many wives thereby getting herself disowned by her own family. As the grandmother is dying, An-Mei’s mother comes back and as a last resort, tries to save grandmother by cutting off a piece of her own flesh and sticks it into a soup that she tries to feed to her mother (the grandmother). I thought it was interesting to see an example of an old Chinese remedy for something. I kind of wonder if that was even a real remedy, rather harsh and repelling if you ask me. Lindo Jong The Red Candle In this story Lindo, the mother of Waverly Jong, the National Chess Champion talks about her own struggles. In China Lindo was forced to marry a man named Tyan-yu whom she didn’t love at all. When she was finally married to him, she would avoid him and the groom’s mother realized this and hired a marriage counselor type of person to help fix things. The marriage counselor lit a candle and said if it was still lit the next day without going out then the marriage will last forever and even if the groom dies, Lindo may never remarry again. Upset, Lindo tries to blow out the candle and succeeds but the next day the servant lies about the candle not going out. Lindo now becomes desperate and tries to devise lies to help her get out of there and finally succeeds and the husband eventually marries one of the pregnant servants and Lindo is sent to America. The odd part of this story was how I was able to empathize with the other  characters in their discussions of their hardships when they were younger while I couldn’t with Lindo. Maybe I’m biased because of how Lindo is so harsh and headstrong towards the other characters in this story. She in my mind seems to be a great description of the family members in my own life, for they are all harsh and headstrong towards each other. Ying-ying St. Clair: The Moon Lady In Chapter 4 we learn about Ying-ying. As a child Ying-ying came from a wealthy family. Unlike she is now Ying-ying was once a very problem child, because she was so spoiled by her family she never thought twice about doing things and because of that she ended up getting lost at what was called â€Å"The Moon Festival†. At the Moon festival she watches a play about the Moon Lady whom she takes as the real person but then realizes her own stupidity and leaves the festival and if finally found by her family. An important part of this chapter is how Ying-ying ends it with the words â€Å"I wished to be found†. Those words to me tell me how she wants to be closer to her daughter and if granted one wish from the Moon Lady that would be it. Ying-ying doesn’t like how her daughter is ashamed of her and has abandoned all of their Chinese traditions In the prelude to The Twenty Six Malignant Gates I found it amusing to see how the little girl like all young children are headstrong and seem to think they are impervious to the dangers of real life and she ignores her mothers advice until it is too late when she falls off the bike like her mother said would happen Waverly Jong- Rules of the Game In this chapter we learn about Waverly’s life and how her mother has taught her â€Å"the art of invisible strength† which has allowed Waverly to do well in life especially in the world of Chess where she became National Chess Champion at a very young age. Waverly however hates her mother for even though she adopted her mother’s quality of â€Å"invisible strength† she dislikes everything about her mother from their culture to the way her mother acts. Waverly unlike her mother doesn’t like to brag about herself and is very upset at her mother who is always comparing her child to everyone else’s and using Waverly’s fame to her own advantage. Lena St. Clair- The Voice from the Wall This is the second story told from eyes of the daughters. Lena in this chapter describes the life of her mother when she was younger. Lena describes Ying-ying as a paranoid and somewhat psychotic person who married her father Clifford St. Clair, and Englishman who spoke very little Chinese and was found unable to understand what her mother was saying half the time they were together. Towards the end of the story Lena describes what is seems like her mother Ying-ying had a miscarriage and Ying-ying who was already mentally unstable blames the death of the unborn child on herself and becomes even more unstable. In this chapter we learn about Lena’s childhood neighbor who was always getting into fights and because in her own Chinese culture when the children would argue with their elders, the argument would ensue a beating from the parents so she always imagined her neighbor to look very beat up since they seemed to argue all the time but to her astonishment when the neighbor sne aked into her house one day, the young girl was unharmed and that same night could be heard laughing with her mother whom she had an argument with a few hours earlier. Jing-Mei Woo â€Å"2 Kinds† I thought it was funny to see how Jing-Mei’s mother wanted her daughter to be like â€Å"Shirley Temple† but then again it makes sense, Shirley Temple was America’s Sweetheart in the early 90’s so it would be fitting since everyone wants the best for their children. It was also interesting to see June’s interest in piano after watching a Chinese girl play the piano on the television but she quickly lost interest in the piano ever since she found out her teacher was deaf and therefore she stopped practicing. Lena St. Clair â€Å"Rice Husband† In this chapter we look into Lena’s life and find out that she is married to a white man named Harold. At first they had a true love and enjoyed their life together and decided to share all their costs but lately the marriage has begun to fall apart and the only thing still concrete in their marriage is their sharing of the costs of things they use and that have become the root of most of their problems. Waverly Jong â€Å"Four Directions† Waverly who is trying to look for a way to tell her mother that she is getting married to her fiancà © Rich, takes her mother out for lunch but ends getting scrutinized by her mother like always. With a certain un-eagerness Waverly invites Rich to meet her mother at her mothers house for dinner and although the dinner was a complete disaster for Rich, Waverly in the end found out that her mother did approve of Rich and that event brings all three of them closer together than before. In the beginning of the chapter we learn that Waverly is a smart young child but her mother has an iron grip on her life and Waverly’s first marriage falls apart completely because of her mother and how she began to see things the way her mother did about her husband. Rose Hsu Jordan â€Å"Without Wood† Rose for once doesn’t believe what her mother says, which was about her husband Ted cheating on her which he really did do. The husband after filing for divorce tries to bully her but Rose stays strong and is able to keep the house and keep her ex-husband in check. Jing-Mei Woo â€Å"Best Quality† In this chapter we learn how Suyuan hurts Jing-Mei, enough that Jing-Mei begins to doubt her mothers love for her but when New Years Eve comes along, Suyuan proves Jing-Mei wrong and then Jing-Mei realizes how much her mother really loves her at dinner. Because of her mothers love for her, Jing-Mei never takes off the pendant Suyuan has given her before she died. An-Mei Hsu â€Å"Magpies† In this chapter An-Mei is taken away to live with her mother. In this chapter both An-Mei and her daughter Rose wonder if their culture has made them weak in the eyes of society. An-Mei was upset at Rose earlier because of Rose’s unwillingness to do anything about her husband request for a divorce. In this chapter we see how Chinese women couldn’t do much with their lives, if they were unhappy all they could do was cry about it so when faced with these types of problems in America, the both of them wouldn’t know what to do although being in America they could do whatever they want. Ying-ying St. Clair â€Å"Waiting Between the Trees† Ying-ying in this chapter reflects on her childhood and from her mistakes she wants her daughter Lena to learn from. Ying-ying wants her daughter to lead a happy life, that her marriage is going to fall apart and she wants her daughter to be strong when this happens. Lindo Jong â€Å"Double Face† In this chapter we see the two cultures, the American culture represented by Waverly and the traditional Chinese culture represented by her mother Lindo Jong. Waverly who was uncertain of herself, thinks she’ll be easily seen as a foreigner but Lindo says she won’t be noticed. Later in the chapter both mother and daughter become closer after Lindo decides to ask Waverly why the year before when Lindo went to visit China, that they knew she was a foreigner despite all of her Chinese styles and traditions still in tact with her. Jing Mei-Woo â€Å"A Pair of Tickets† The last chapter of the book ends with the final daughter and mother couple coming together for Jing is able to finally discover who she really is, for as American she is, she’s also just as much Chinese.

The Hypocrisy of Being Earnest

The Victorian era was a time of smugness and pomposity for the newly rich generation who quickly rose in class during and after the industrial revolution. Nothing was as it seemed in this day when earnestness was allegedly the most prized attribute a man could possess. In Oscar Wilde’s classical satire, â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest,† every character embodies the ideas and values of this â€Å"earnest† age. Oscar Wilde’s primary character in â€Å"The Importance of Being Earnest,† Jack, spouts hypocrisy when his mouth is open, and sometimes when it is closed. At first impression, Jack seems to be a true gentleman. Indeed, the beginnings of his conversation with Algernon in the opening scene proves just that, but when the subject of his travels back and forth from the city to the country is brought up, Jack makes excuses and hastily changes the subject to more lighthearted topics like cucumber sandwiches (890). But very soon Algernon broaches the subject of â€Å"Bunburying,† to Jack’s ignorance. Little does this kindly gentleman know, however, that he is in fact â€Å"one of the most advanced Bunburyists (Algernon) know(s)† (894). The explanation Algernon receives from his questions is simply that Jack is Ernest in town, and Jack in the country. Perhaps Jack who is Ernest is not as earnest as he seems? Algernon certainly thinks so. He produces a cigarette case belonging to Jack with the inscription â€Å"From little Cecily with her fondest love† (892). At which point, Jack says that it is very ungentlemanly to read someone else’s cigarette case. If Jack is so concerned about being gentlemanly, then why is he, as Algernon puts it, a â€Å"Bunburyist? † Only a few lines later, Jack says to Algernon: â€Å"My dear Algy, you talk exactly as if you were a dentist. It is very vulgar to talk like a dentist when one isn’t a dentist. It produces a false impression† (893). This statement condemns him as a dreadful hypocrite to attentive readers. Jack claims to be a gentleman though he leads a double life, yet still dictates to others how a gentleman should act. In essence then, Jack, despite his admonishing of Algernon, is very much talking like a hypothetical dentist even if he isn’t one. It is not only Jack who is a hypocrite, however, as Algernon and Jack committed twin sins. After Jack’s admission of leading a double life, Algernon too confesses: You have invented a very useful younger brother called Ernest, in order that you may be able to come up to town as often as you like. I have invented an invaluable permanent invalid called Bunbury, in order that I may be able to go down into the country whenever I choose. Bunbury is perfectly invaluable. If it wasn’t for Bunbury’s bad health, for instance, I wouldn’t be able to dine with you at Willis’s to-night†¦ (895) Bunbury and Ernest are one of the same. However, Algernon is guilty of hypocrisy in more than just this instance. Upon Jack’s entrance, Algernon has a spread laid out in preparation for Lady Bracknell and Gwendolen, including a selection of cucumber sandwiches. When Jack reaches for one, his hand is slapped away by the host, because they are to be saved, then Algernon continues eating the cucumber sandwiches (891). However, perhaps the most astonishing crime of hypocrisy Algernon commits takes place in act II, upon Jack’s discovery that Algernon is assuming the role of his â€Å"brother,† Ernest. Algernon declares that â€Å"one must be serious about something, if one wants to have any amusement in life. I happen to be serious about Bunburying† (932). With this statement, Algernon has admitted that the only thing he is serious about is lying to others. This Victorian gentleman, who claims to be earnest, is serious about nothing but the deception of others. Cecily and Gwendolen, too, are prisoners of their own hypocrisy. Indeed, it seems as though Cecily is such a hypocrite that the only hypocrisy she can detect herself is in lies. Upon her meeting with Algernon, who is at the time pretending to be Jack’s wicked imaginary brother Ernest, Cecily expresses that: â€Å"I hope you have not been leading a double life, pretending to be wicked and being really good all the time. That would be hypocrisy† (913). In addition, Cecily too contradicts the lady-like humble manner the Victorian women were so proud of. As Algernon, in guise of Ernest, declares his love for Cecily, instead of the typical thank you and returning of compliments, she pulls out a diary and writes the compliment down, asking for more. Gwendolen, meanwhile, is worrying over whether or not she is still to love Jack since his name is Jack, and not Ernest as he deceived her. Her judgment is sure to be flawed though, seeing as how in her opinion, â€Å"In matters of grave importance, style, not sincerity, is the vital thing† (935). At last, the true irony of this hypocritical opinion comes out when Jack confides that he is to be rechristened â€Å"Ernest. † Then, Gwendolen is not opposed to the marriage as she had been five minutes prior. Indeed, as events unfold her decision changes along with the changing of Mr. Worthing’s first name. Remember, that earnestness is prized above all, so Gwendolen and Cecily both desire to marry a man named Ernest. Whether he is really earnest or not is of no importance, because as Gwendolen said, style is much more important than sincerity. All in all, the behavior of Wilde’s infamous hypocrites is astounding, to say the least. However, this must say something of the manner of the â€Å"earnest† Victorian age. Was it truly being earnest that was the desire of men and women? Or was it to appear earnest? If the latter is true, then it was necessary to be a hypocrite just to keep a name. Regardless of the case, it can be sure that Worthing at least has succeeded. All of his life he claimed to be Ernest, not Jack, but when he found out he truly was Ernest, he finally realized the importance of being earnest.

Cebu Pacific Paper

Case Context Cebu Pacific Air owned by the Gokongwei family and established in 1988, is the provider of most domestic flights in the Philippines. In 2000, Cebu Pacific Air was able to go international and expanded operations to Asia-Pacific countries. It owns 45% of the market share, and is among the top 5 in growth in terms of passengers carried and served. The airline company is known for its promo fares, where one can save around 40% to 50%, if flights are booked early. For the longest time, Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific Air's competitor, dominated the local airline industry. Through the liberalization program, the latter was able to enter the market and gain its share of customers and passengers. In response, PAL adjusted its prices to compete with the others, and focused its strategies on cheaper last-minute bookings. Cebu Pacific Air gives importance to customer value, and addresses it by providing hassle-free online reservations, on-time flights, comfortable flying experience, etc. Named as the â€Å"World's Number One Airline† by an e-newsletter, the airline has been growing and has continued to make its mark in the Philippine airline industry. Its emphasis on the importance of the customers has helped Cebu Pacific Air to be successful in proving that it is indeed one of the top airlines in the country. Macro Environment Prior to the Philippine aviation industry liberalization in 1995 under Executive Order 219, state-owned Philippine Airlines enjoyed virtual monopoly with the country's adopted policy of ‘one country, one airline' imposed during President Marcos’ administration. The industry remained uncontested between 1973 and 1994 compelling the government to regulate fares to prevent PAL from engaging in monopoly pricing. In the years following liberalization, the domestic airline industry has attracted as many as five entrants but this has dwindled to three. Currently, the Philippine aviation market is mainly served by Cebu Pacific Air (CEB), Philippine Airlines (PAL), Airphil Express (APX) and ZestAir. As of August 2011, CEB is the market leader and holds 45 % domestic market share, followed by PAL with 22%,   APX with 19% and ZestAir with 12%. Seair also takes a small part of this market such as by serving flights to Batanes. The impact of liberalization on the domestic industry is mixed. Departure frequency increased in the most profitable markets, while smaller communities either lost service altogether or experienced sizeable declines in departure frequency and capacity. Furthermore, some markets served by a single airline have relatively higher fares. In the recent economic crisis, many foreign countries and the rest of the world were affected. The Philippines, however, was not greatly hit by this recession. Even though we fared better than the others, it cannot be denied that we were still affected. Many multinational companies shut down their operations in the country, such as Intel and Goodyear. Also, many overseas Filipino workers from the United States, United Kingdom and the Middle East were forced to leave these countries with no promise of return. It also affected the Philippine Stock Exchange since it closely followed other stock exchanges from around the world, particularly NYSE. All of these resulted in great fears among the citizens. Filipinos are now more frugal and conservative in their spending habits. The economy experienced dwindling demands of different products, which resulted to more production cuts, succeeding layoffs, and more layoffs. Filipinos started looking for products and services that would provide more value to their hard-earned money. As people are now starting to go back to the basics, leaving the extravagant lifestyle behind, companies now face the problem of losing their customers, even their loyal ones. Thus, many of them started offering products that would exemplify true value for money. More so, discounts and promos have boomed. Cebu Pacific was no exception to this scheme. As many people considered air travel as something they could live without, the industry faced a bigger problem of attracting customers. The â€Å"Piso Fare† that they launched in 2005 was already a big help to company. More and more people are choosing Cebu Pacific over other airlines, such as Philippine Airlines. What is important now is for travelers to get to their destinations in the most affordable way possible, and the company was able to offer them a low-cost yet high-quality service that perfectly catered to the needs of their clients. SWOT Analysis Strengths The key strengths of Cebu Pacific are on its strong market positioning, lean cost structure, ability to reap scale efficiencies, healthy brand equity, and balance sheet strength. The heights of Cebu Pacific’s victory over its competitors cannot be attributed to the aggressive low-pricing strategy that it blazed per se. The ability of CEB to identify the objects that are of value to their customers, and extend those perquisites at low cost is of tantamount importance in the airline’s success. Cebu Pacific customers also get their value through the airline’s very convenient online reservation and payment system. This, equipped with the company’s partnership with banking firms as well as servicing companies such as LBC and Rustan’s, as well as its rigorous promotion in social networking sites, allows the customers to access information regarding CEB’s prices and low promo fares and easy payment. Equally valuable is also the management’s employee training which reflects the company’s strong customer-centered, team-based orientation. Weaknesses To allow for its promotional activities such as low-fares in domestic and international travels, Cebu Pacific must also cut some costs on some segments of its operations. Either by cutting some operational costs or personnel costs, this would have an immediate impact to the image that the company is trying to project. With the entry of relatively smaller airline companies in the industry that can afford to compete CEB in low-pricing makes the airline company vulnerable to price wars, and this pressure increases the vulnerability of the airline to maintain its image. Like all airline companies, and especially because of its big operations, Cebu Pacific heavily relies on forecasts of volatile fuel prices to produce sound business decisions and pricing. Lastly, industry commentators are disappointed that the strong brand and marketing platform of Cebu Pacific lacked scale in terms of fleet size. Opportunities The 21% year-on-year international passenger growth on the year 2011 opens a wider door for Cebu Pacific to increase its market share. Offering foreign travels exclusively on selected destinations allows Cebu Pacific a wider market and a more flexible marketing mix. The company’s financial stability, sustained growth, and good brand image allow the financing for more expansion in the products and services they offer which is tantamount to put down competitive pressures from its competitors, both via cost leadership and product differentiation. Cebu Pacific is strategically positioned for this as it has a strong domestic network that is able to offset headwinds to the international network. Reaping the benefits of scale efficiencies may be realized through this expansion. Finally, with its biggest competitor facing internal labor concerns as well as concerns on solvency and liquidity, the airline can choose to increase market share profitably at the expense of this competitors—instead of only positioning to stimulate and grow the market. Threats That low-pricing schemes such as the PisoFares became a trademark for Cebu Pacific is threatening the airline’s brand of acquiring an inferior image against its more expensively priced competitor products. Its customer segment that caters for businessmen and other high-profile class are at the expense of its extensive marketing promotion on cheap fares. Also, the company’s profit margin has been slowly declining as it engages in price competition with relatively smaller airlines such as Air Philippines and Zest Air. While both competitors have been investing for expansion, CEB must stand prepared while pursuing for a higher market share and leadership. Finally Cebu Pacific must strategically position it’s cost-cutting strategies such as outsourcing, as recent moves to outsource some noncore operations of other airlines that has been encouraging from a cost-saving perspective has ensued labor disputes and strikes which showed the insensitivity of such a move. Problem Through tedious research and careful analysis, we have proven that Cebu Pacific exhibits cost leadership as it was able to cut prices to deter the entry of new entrants and at the same time able to offer low prices to powerful buyers. (See Porter’s Generic) Competitors are always on the look as to how they can catch up and perhaps Cebu Pacific may be threatened by competitors copying their low cost strategy. With this, how can Cebu Pacific maintain to be the market leader when time comes that competitors have already adopted their low-cost strategy? Marketing Mix Product Cebu Pacific Air provides its customer both domestic and international flights to fifty two destinations. Company with its slogan it's time everyone flies tries to keep what they have been promised to its customers by offering a wide array of products and high quality of services aside from air fare to keep their customers loyal and to attract new ones. Cebu Pacific Air does not only provide travel through air but it provides tours for both land and water by building tie ups with travel agencies and hotels. This tie ups provides its customer travel packages with hotel rooms at a discounted price, which make all the fun. Furthermore, the flight does not include a meal but they offer a fun shop where the company sells hearty meal, cold sandwiches, savory snacks, quick snacks, cold drinks, and hot drinks which are changed monthly for variety. Branded souvenirs such as stuff toys, watches, bags, etc. can also be purchased via online or inside the plane. Moreover, other services include seat-selector, sport equipment fee, TravelSure insurance, prepaid baggage, rent a car, and buy event tickets. Cebu Pacific Air always keeps on improving its existing products while introducing new products to tailor fit its products to its customers for more satisfaction and to gain customer loyalty. Price As the barriers to entry were lifted, new players can now easily enter the market to serve the domestic routes. Many benefits were gained by these actions, particularly in the reduction of air fare. Cebu Pacific used its pricing systems to gain a competitive advantage in the industry. It continuously strives to offer low prices, yet also continuously maintain the level of service it promises to deliver to its customers. One of the main strategies of Cebu Pacific to attract customers was its low fares offered on a year-round basis, such as its â€Å"Piso Fare† and LiteFares. This made air travel more affordable to Filipino passengers. This move is considered to be a lethal one for its competitors for it captured a big portion of the market. And although competitors soon followed suit, it was already too late and Cebu Pacific had already gotten a strong position in the market. To compensate for such big discounts, flights that are booked closer to the actual date are fully priced, but they are still comparably lower than those of its competitors. For Cebu Pacific, they value the things that matter most to their customers, such as training of their pilots and crews, aircraft maintenance, and on-time reliability, such that passengers will not pay for trivial things, such as paper tickets and free meals. They focus more on the practical and essential matters to be able to offer their services at low prices yet still earn returns on them. Place Cebu Pacific Air has strategically placed most outlets where passengers can book their flights in business centers, near or inside malls, hotels, and airports. These locations are usually where travellers go to, making it easier and more convenient for them instead of going to a place which might be out of their itinerary just to avail of the company’s services. Aside from this, Cebu Pacific Air has been able to ensure access to customers through online booking. With the growth and development of technology, the airline company has been able to capitalize on the convenience and availability of the Internet to easily reach customers. Promotion Low promo fares are the best known strategy that Cebu Pacific uses to gain ompetitive advantage over competitors. Specifically, they offer 1 peso flights not just for destinations in the Philippines, but also in some areas in East Asia such as Singapore and Malaysia. This promotions strategy is the most popular and most common thing that comes to mind when thinking Cebu Pacific Air. Aside from the traditional forms of promotions and above the line advertising, this airline also makes use of new social media platforms through below the line advertising. Cebu Pacific Airlines is the first airline industry in the Philippines to make use of these new technologies. These types of advertising make use of social networks and give more focus to certain niche markets. An example of this type advertising is Cebu Pacific Airlines’ use of Twitter for announcements, ticket promos, and games for chances to win free tickets. Another form of this promotion strategy can be seen through a viral video posted in YouTube of Cebu Pacific’s flight attendants dancing to the beat of the song â€Å"Just Dance† by Lady Gaga. The special dance number was presented to the passengers after the standard safety instructions had been performed and aimed to give passengers a more enjoyable flight experience. Having assessed Cebu Pacific Air’s marketing mix; we can truly say that its success can be attributed to its low price strategy and loyal customers. CEB has employed strategies to make flying accessible to everyone. They have lowered their prices and yet did not forego the quality of their services. CEB has been loyal to its value proposition of providing more for less. CEB knows very well that customers will try out low-priced products but will be turned off if it does not deliver the value/benefit it promises. And no amount of advertisement will change their perception of a product after a bad experience, even if you have the lowest price in the market. And so, CEB has never been lax in maintaining the other component of their marketing mix besides price as competitive as possible to always satisfy customers. Recommendation Competition from other low cost carrier airlines continues to saturate the market and poses a threat to Cebu Pacific. To fly higher and up and above this hurdle, we now give you our counterstrategy: Cebu Pacific Air: Juan time, Big time! Juan time, Big time is a full blast strategy that banks on Cebu Pacific Air’s Cost leadership and Filipino oriented service to retain its market leadership in the domestic market and eclipse PAL in the international market. In this full blast move, Cebu Pacific will continue to leverage on its constant seat sales and low pricing while making sure that it delivers true value to its customers. Cebu Pacific always wants to provide exceptional, unrivalled service at notches higher than its competitors. To achieve this, Cebu Pacific needs to fuel this four-fold ‘Juan time, Big time’ strategy to continue to fly high and long in delivering its promise in letting every Juan fly. Fuel 1: Juan with You With Juan with You, we strengthen the customer flying experience to encourage more future flights. We will filipinize the customer flying experience and do this by always being hospitable in our service. Cebu Pacific will not only offer air transport, it will also offer a satisfying, fun, and hospitable flying experience. Doing so will increase the perceived value of the Cebu Pacific Air flying experience. Juan with you will be implemented along with these tactics: 1. First, it will strengthen its customer service arm, and assign an actual active CEB officer in operating its Facebook and twitter pages to more instantaneously answer and attend to customer questions and concerns. This will communicate how Cebu pacific values its every customer. 2. Second, it should make its flight attendants wear Filipiniana attire, especially in international flights. 3. Third, it should structure a hip, dance number around the performance of its in-flight safety guidelines. The last two will easily solve the problem of tedium that may set in after long hours for waiting for the flight’s end. Fuel 2: The Juan Time Cebu pacific will lead in debunking the old Filipino time concept, where late is acceptable, even expected. We will put an emphasis on sticking to only one time, the Juan time, and provide incentives to making its passengers arrive early to allow early boarding. Also, Cebu pacific should train its ersonnel to always be fast and efficient in their execution of their tasks to further expedite checking in. Cebu Pacific should strive to increase its on time performance level and again to improve the value offered to passengers, give customer points for every late flight arrival that customers may use when they also avail of Cebu Pacific’s loyalty card program. Fuel 3: Juan with the World Cebu Pacific has already achieved to become the leading low cost airline in providing domestic flights. Its competitors, however, offer more international destinations. With this, we recommend that Cebu Pacific tap on more international destinations as their consumers would be delighted to know a variety of international destinations to choose from. This way, consumers would choose them among its competitors. Fuel 4: My only Juan Since Cebu Pacific has already managed to become the leading airline. It should now focus on keeping its customers loyal. This they can achieve through mileage programs to acquire points that customers can use in availing other flight add-ons. With this mileage rewards program, customers will be attracted to more to avail of the other services of Cebu Pacific. Thus, this strategy will make Cebu Pacific the top choice and the only choice of every Juan. With this four-fold full blast strategy, Cebu Pacific Air will indeed be able to increase customer perceived value through the perks it offers at the same time retaining its low cost pricing. Thus, despite the threat of competitors adopting their low cost strategy, customers will still choose them over others for they are fully satisfied and truly delighted with CEB’s loyalty of providing more for less to its customers. APPENDIX Bibliography

Strategic cost management case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic cost management - Case Study Example It is not surprising that the plant manager describe their process as â€Å"better than anyone else† because it is guaranteed with speed and high quality, as well as reduced cost. To compete with such companies, it is important to have enough capital reserves to also engage in strategies like promotion. The paper will therefore look at how with the cost reduction strategy, the company is offered sufficient funds that were cut down from actual production cost to gain competitiveness and profitability. Firm’s competitive strategy Much of the emphasis of competitive strategy for California-Illini (CI) is placed on the ability of the company to produce high quality products at a speed that meet consumer demand and cost that meet consumer pocket. In effect, a consumer determinant strategy on demand and cost reduction is used as competitive strategy. Generally, this is a strategy that identifies the scarcity of consumers on the target market due to the number of competitors a mong which existing consumers may choose from (Bernanke, 2006). Knowing that the consumers are not many in number, a consumer determinant strategy generally aims at presenting the consumer with exactly what the consumer requires from the manufacturers in terms of production and cost. The question of whether the strategy used by CI seems appropriate will be answered from several perspectives. The first is to take a quick competitive analysis, based on which a question of the viability of the strategy against other competitors will be asked. Generally, CI is in the same market as other multinational horticulture companies like Simpson and Simpson Inc, and Garages Ltd. These are companies who base their competitive advantage on brand equity and high inflow of cash from other sectors of their business, making it possible for them to run expensive promotions and publicities. What is more, the strategy to add quality and speed to production is highly appropriate even that when supply from customers does not meet their demand, they would switch to other competitors. It is always important to note that the industry in which CI finds its self is one that is based primarily on seasonal production. In effect, one must not wait for seasons to pass before orders made can be honored (Fairlie, 2009). Cost reduction strategy at CI From the above, the cost reduction strategy can be said to have been generated by the need to be competitive and also increase the revenue of the company through reduced internal speeding. When calculating revenue or profit that companies like CI make, emphasis is not only placed on income but on expenditure as well. The fact that CI has been found to make an average annual sale of $13 million alone cannot be accounted in judging the company as a very profitable one. Rather, it would be important to balance this income with expenditure. Commonly, manufacturing companies like CI spend most of their expenses on the production aspect of the supply chai n (Gartner, 1985). In effect, a cost reduction strategy that will ensure that production takes place at a more reduced cost always becomes beneficial. The need to be customer focused was also another motivation for opting for the cost reduction strategy. This is because when cost of production is lower, manufacturers always have the luxury of pegging the prices of their products lower because of a reduced

Annotated Bibliography-Terence-W8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography-Terence-W8 - Essay Example The elderly perceptions should change as it was the key to the resistance. Peek, S. T., Wouters, E. J., van Hoof, J., Luijkx, K. G., Boeije, H. R., & Vrijhoef, H. J. (2014). Factors influencing acceptance of the technology for aging in place: a systematic review. International journal of medical informatics, 83(4), 235-248. The article is the publication by the pub med. The study tries to examine factors that affect technology acceptance among the older persons in the society. In this regard, it establishes that factors of post implementation of the technology were detrimental to technology adoption. Information concerning the study was available, and the authors propose for further studies to investigate if the factors are interrelated. The literature was not provided, but methods of research were limited to mixed surveys of other studies done by different individuals. The methods of analysis were unique since no study had used them. It is necessary for the factors of implementation of technology to be favorable to the older persons since they acted as inhibitors to technology acceptance. Pub Med published the article. The study observes that social networking sites can improve the quality of life of the senior members as they enhance their communication ability. They can communicate easily with their family members and the young generation that increases their intergenerational communication. Not much information was available regarding the study, and the authors were silent on future research. The literature review was less in depth but offered a good insight for the reader to integrate the study. The methods of analysis were by systematic reviews of the various articles that were common to other studies. It is significant for the seniors to embrace the social networking as it helps bring them closer to the young generation. This is an extensive

Efficent Business Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Efficent Business Communications - Essay Example It is therefore imperative that companies embrace the aspect of inter-cultural communication in order for them to be ranked globally. For business communication to be termed effective, it has to put into consideration the aspects of diversity and cultural awareness. At the work place, if these are upheld, the company will register greater productivity and smooth workflow. Therefore, cultural diversity and appreciation of diversity must be applied in business communication to ensure effectiveness. One of the reasons why companies need to embrace cultural awareness and appreciation of diversity in the course of their communication is because of the most recent advanced communication forms. The presence of the internet helps companies, including the locals and multinationals to interact with their local and international clients. Since these clients are of different cultural backgrounds, if the said company lacks the elements of cultural awareness and diversity appreciation in its commu nication plan, then such is likely to miss many profits due to the ineffective communication between it and its local and international clients (Gibson 2002). ... It is crucial that companies uphold cultural awareness and diversity because of the various benefits it presents. First, business communication keeps evolving because of the globalization concept that has brings world business cultures together. New economies ape and integrate aspects of organizational cultures of the stronger and established companies in some of the world’s influential nations. Both small and big businesses must uphold cultural diversity in their business communication plan, starting from the corporate boardrooms to employee break-rooms, they should understand the eccentricities of all cultures to which they are exposed (Okpara 2008). The perceptions in different native cultures have a great influence on language use. Therefore, people belonging to different cultural groups will tend to have a varied understanding of words in a language. In the workplace, employees therefore need to be extra-cautious to ensure that their messages are understood clearly, as th ey communicate with workers of different cultural backgrounds. Employees should avoid taboo topics while conversing. Additionally, different biases in religious aspects, political aspects, or social issues and nuances of life experiences differ between cultures, making it a challenge for employees to find a common ground while communicating. Additionally, different cultures have different ways of addressing and managing conflicts. A case in perspective is that in Netherlands, arguments are regarded as an ingredient for a healthy conversation and communication. On the contrary, people from Japan consider public arguments and disagreements as offensive.

Strategic Analysis of Hon Hai Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Analysis of Hon Hai - Case Study Example The study will also cover the merger and acquisition activities of the company along with the position of the company before and after the merger and acquisition activities. The report will also use key financial ratios to report on the financial performance of the company. While 'business strategy' represent the goal of the company to attain sustainable competitive advantage in one of the businesses of the company, 'corporate strategy' represents the objective of the company to manage multi-business activities to create corporate-wide advantage that will benefit each of the business the company owns and operates. The corporate strategy looks into the opportunities available to the company both internally and externally to enhance its competitive strengths and sustain its sales growth and profitability. A strategic analysis of any company thus includes assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the company on the basis of the internal environment as well as threats and opportunities that the company is subjected to because of its relative positioning in the market and the industry. The main objective of any strategic analysis is to identify the ways in which the existing resources can be shared between the multiple business activities and also identifyi ng new resources which will enhance the competitive strengths of the company. ... With this background this study intends to make a strategic analysis of the company Hon Hai (Foxconn) to report on the efforts of the company to enhance and sustain its competitive advantages. 1.1 Hon Hai (Foxconn) - An Overview Incorporated in the year 2004 the company is a group company of Foxconn Technology. Foxconn Group is the foremost provider of joint-design, joint-development, manufacturing, assembly and after-sales services to global Computer, Communication, and Consumer-electronics ("3C") leaders. Focusing on fields of nanotechnology, heat transfer, wireless connectivity, material sciences, and green manufacturing process, Foxconn's over 15,000 patents granted worldwide by 2005 made it a recognized leader of innovation and technical know-how in rankings such as MIT's patent scorecard. HonHai is mainly producing Hinge related products adopting an innovative technology. The production process is different from that of the traditional Hinge companies. By using the new technology the company has enhanced the production capacity to a great extent and has reduced the cost of production. The company has made a net operating income of $ 10.17 million representing 8 percent of the turnover, as of the end of the year 2006. The company is following a different production process than the competitors operating in the industry. The use of this modern technology has enhanced the production capacity of the capacity while lowering the cost of production. The company presently employs around 975 people. 1.2 Research Objectives The study will cover the following objectives among other things: (1) A detailed study of the advantages and disadvantages of merger and acquisition activities in general (2) A strategic analysis of the Company Hon Hai

Ethical Code for Financial Management Assignment

Ethical Code for Financial Management - Assignment Example However, the codes do not define the organizational culture in regards to its role in improving the ethical environment and nature of employees. In comparison to my organization, the codes are similar. In my organization, staffs have a personal and professional role to perform tasks as required by the institution, state and the community. Moreover, employees are required to relate to partners, subordinates and peers in the workplace and community in a respectable and ethical way. Similar to Eli Lilly and Company, all employee are required to safeguard tangible and intangible assets under their mandate (Eli Lily and Company, 2014). Additionally, accurate information on the assets should be provided upon request. The ethical requirements are attached to an employment agreement provided prior to placement. In an argument Chun et.al (2013) the performance of an organization is determined by the ethical performance relationship in the workplace. Similarly, in financial management the requirement to ensure an exceptional ethical performance relationship reflects on the results obtained. The value of the financial performance of an organization is determined by their corporate social responsibility (Perrini et.al, 2011). Consequently, the efficiency of the ethical codes employed by an organization increases its financial performance value. In addition, ethical employee behavior in the department minimizes errors and malpractices thus increasing its efficiency and performance. Chun, J. S., Shin, Y., Choi, J., & Kim, M. S. (2013). How Does Corporate Ethics Contribute to Firm Financial Performance? The Mediating Role of Collective Organizational Commitment and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Management, 39, (4): 853-877. Eli Lily and Company. (2014). Code of ethical conduct for financial management. Retrieved from

Alternative energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative energy - Essay Example The Guinness Atkinson Alternative Energy Fund’s co-manager Edward Guinness says that although wind energy’s use is growing almost at 30 per cent per year, yet the price of energy generated by the wind is competitive with the price of the fossil fuels (Eaves, 2007). Rapid growth in the production and use of solar power is also expected in the near future. Slightly more than 0.1 per cent of the total energy in the world is derived from the solar power through the photovoltaic vells. According to Edward Guinness, use of the solar power can grow to more than 10 per cent in the next two to three decades with the improvement of the manufacturing processes (Eaves, 2007). However, â€Å"[t]here are financial, political, and technical pressures as well as time constraints that will force tough choices† (Grunwald, 2009). Therefore, it would take some time for the use of the alternative sources of energy to outperform that of the fossil fuels. The future of energy is more about how than what. â€Å"I think the things that would really blow us away if we could jump forward 20 years would not be the giant fields of windmills, but the 1,000 changes in daily life that have taken place in order to save energy† (Steffen cited in Eaves, 2007). In the future, the sources of power are expected to get closer to the home. The changes would extend beyond the use of low-energy light bulbs. People would rely more on local energy particularly where the places have abundance of wind, sunshine, and rivers. With the production of energy at the domestic level, there would be flow of energy back and forth within the small infrastructure in the form of power grids that would supply energy two-way i.e. both to and from the homes. The alternative sources of energy have not been utilized to full extent on the Earth to date fundamentally because their supply and use has been expensive and the supply has not met the demands. Although the use of fossil fuels

Finance Principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Finance Principles - Essay Example It can be explained as, if one of the asset in the portfolio is giving negative return, then it would not have a significant impact on the overall return of the portfolio because the other assets might be performing well and thus making up for the asset which is not performing well. Diversification helps an investor to have consistent return on its portfolio over a period of time. An investor who is risk-averse in nature would always strive to have a completely diversified portfolio in order to minimize risks associated with it. Quantitative measure of portfolio is possible with the advent of several portfolio selection theories. Using those quantitative measures one can have the benefits of diversification to the maximum amount possible. The diversification strategy proposed by Markowitz is based on the covariance between the returns generated by the assets included in a portfolio. The diversification theory proposed by Markowitz is related to the risks associated with the portfolio as a whole and not the risk associated with any asset in isolation. Markowitz used variance as a measure of risk. Markowitz tried to develop a diversified portfolio by including those assets in the portfolio which are not perfectly positively correlated with each other, so that the variance in return of the portfolio is minimized without affecting much on the return of the portfolio.1 Mean – Variance Diversification Mean – Variance diversification portfolio theory utilizes marginal analysis as a means of achieving optimal level of diversified portfolio. It is based on the fact that diversification should be enhanced until and unless marginal cost is less than the marginal benefit. The advantage of this theory is the minimization of risk. The costs that are considered in this theory are holding costs and transaction costs. The standard deviation of the returns generated through the combination of assets is used as the risk measure in case of this theory of diversificat ion. Marginal benefits associated with diversification of portfolio get increased with decrease in correlation between asset returns. On diversification of the portfolio the expected value of standard deviation goes on decreasing. Optimal diversification depends on the expected correlations between each pair of assets in the portfolio, the buying costs of each of the assets, the holding costs of the assets and expected premium on equity used as asset in the portfolio.2 Risks associated with any portfolio can either be unsystematic risks or systematic risks. As discussed earlier risk gets reduced with diversification. However, diversification reduce risk only to a certain level, beyond which it is not possible to reduce risk because changes in the market conditions as a whole affects in variation of prices of all the assets included in the portfolio and it is not possible to reduce or eliminate this variability beyond a certain level. Hence it is necessary to divide risk into two par ts, namely systematic risk and unsystematic risk. The risk which represents that portion of the variability in asset caused by the market movements are known as systematic risk. This type of risk is unavoidable in nature and is sometimes termed as beta as mentioned in the Capital Asset Pricing

Conflict Resolution in Health Care Setting Essay

Conflict Resolution in Health Care Setting - Essay Example Conflict resolution in the health setting requires the presence of intricate and complex competencies. Appropriate and relevant strategies help to reduce or mitigate problems in the health care setting. This research paper will study the scenario of a patient suffering from acute kidney failure. The patient has refused to be treated with dialysis which can improve quality of life. The scope of the paper will be concerned about implementing appropriate, ethical, and realistic conflict resolution methods. This paper will seek to use diverse research resources in order to deduce accurate and reliable results. Scott is a sixty year old patient who has been diagnosed with acute kidney failure. Health care physicians have recommended dialysis in order to produce superior outcomes. Dialysis will also improve the quality of life for Scott. However the patient is depressed and frustrated that the treatment is futile. He is no longer concerned about treating and managing acute kidney failure. He has beliefs that in any event his life will end irrespective of treatment or disease management. Health care physicians are insisting on provision of accurate and appropriate care for the patient. Scott retired from a position as a bank manager when he was fifty six years old. His retirement years were marked by considerable psychological problems. Physical health for the patient was generally appropriate. However financial and economic problems have also taken a toll on the patient. The patient also lives alone as he has separated from his wife. His relations with siblings and children are also estranged. At the age of fifty eight, the patient was diagnosed with minor kidney problems. Health care professionals assessed and evaluated the patient requirements. Initially the patient was diagnosed with minor renal problems. Diuretics were recommended to the patient (Romeu, 1996). However with the passage of time, the health care professionals detected that metabolic acidosis had significantly increased. A recommendation for dialysis was initiated for the patient. Electrolyte abnormality was also recognized in the patient's body. Pericarditis was also found to be prevalent and rampant inside the patient (Romeu, 1996). Psychological, financial, and physical problems seem to have created frustration, anxiety, and depression in the patient. He has refused to take up medical treatment which can efficiently and effectively improve quality of life. Conflict Context The conflict has arisen in the wake of numerous problems faced by the patient.

Animals Should Not Be Used for Medical Testing Essay Example for Free

Animals Should Not Be Used for Medical Testing Essay Tina Date: 11/29/2011 Animals should not Be Used for Medical Testing Nowadays, animals are used for medical testing which is hurtful and not necessary. Tens of millions of animals are used each year in federally and privately funded experiments. Do animals feel the same pain that human feel? How do we know that other humans feel pain? We all know that we ourselves can feel pain. We know this from the direct experience of stubbing toe on a chair, or having finger slammed in a drawer. So animals are as same as human. They have feelings about hurt, happiness, and pain either. Therefore, animals should not be used for medical testing because animals have the rights to survive, not a prey for vivisection in laboratories, and there are still having so many ineffective of drugs in the world. Pain is a physical event; something that cannot be observed. Pain is something that is felt, and we can only assume that other humans can feel pain from external indications such crying, screaming, or jerking away from something. If we can justify that other humans feel pain, why do human think that animals do not feel pain by continue using animals for testing? Considering that all living beings possess natural rights that any animals with a nervous system have specific rights to survive in the world. All animals are born equal and they have the same rights as human to existence in this planet. Why do not human save animals instead of killing them by many unnecessary testing? When an animal is poked, burned, or stepped on, they will cry, yelp, or jerk away. Since the external indicators are the same, we can assume that animals feel the same pain that we as humans feel. Today the medical term â€Å"vivisection† is used. Vivisection is defined as â€Å"cutting while still alive†; it is more commonly used today that is performed on animals especially. Charles River Breeding Laboratories, a company owned by Bausch and Lomb, provides 40-50% of the animals used in experiments of laboratories (Mercy For Animals). Medicine testing on animals is inaccurate and does not benefit humans at all. Every single day in a year, animals including, but not limited to, dogs, cats, rabbits, mice, rats, hamsters, rhesus monkeys, and cattle are commonly used for vivisection. Animals are innocent! They are organisms that have the rights to existence and to be respected by humans. They are not prey for vivisection in the laboratories. Vivisection is unethical. Furthermore, testing on animals is unreliable. Human rarely think about the opposite side of their experiments. New drugs can pass safety on animals but this does not mean that human can use these drugs safely because animals and humans do not get the same diseases. Animals’ cells are so different from humans’ cells. For example, Opren drug caused 3500 people to suffer serious side effects including damage to skin, eyes, liver, and kidneys (Tachell). Thalidomide caused about 10,000 birth defects worldwide (CAAT), and Clioquinol caused 30,000 cases of blindness and paralysis and thousands of death (CAAT). Conversely, many drugs that are beneficial to humans are dangerous to animals. Penicillin, which is an antibiotic to humans, kills guinea pigs. Aspirin causes birth defects in rats, mice, monkeys, but it does not harm in humans any way. In the last 15-20 years, it has been estimated that animal testing has decreased 30-50% due to the reduction and replacement techniques (Tachell). The most common alternatives that are used today are: in-vitro tests, computer software, and even human â€Å"clinical tests. † Human have to understand that this planet is not only ours, but the animals as well. Albert Einstein once said, â€Å"Our task must be free ourselves†¦By widening our circle of comparison to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty. † (CAAT) The means of living a healthy and fulfilled life is to embrace and respect all life on this planet. The animals cannot tell the scientist that they do not want to be tested on, but we can. http://www.un.org/en/ http://www.mercyforanimals.org/ http://www. animalliberationfront. com/Philosophy/Animal%20Testing/whyanimaltestingisbad. htm.

The Need For Natural Resource Preservation Environmental Sciences Essay

The Need For Natural Resource Preservation Environmental Sciences Essay Introduction Natural resources are those things that exist naturally within the environment and subsist relatively undisturbed in a normal and natural form. The world is blessed with diverse natural resources wealth that has helped mankind meet their daily needs for food, shelter, clothing, medicine and other important chemical elements that are vital for making useful products. Uplifting the life standards of human beings depend wholly on the wise use of the available natural resources (Phil, 2010). The primary natural resources include air, sun, forests, land, water, minerals, wildlife, and fisheries. Natural resources protection or conservation involves employing and adopting environmental protection techniques that will prohibit further destruction or unwise use of our natural resources. Studies indicate that, despite the vast significance of protecting and conserving natural resources, there are also far-reaching demerits in relation to the same. This paper is going to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of conserving natural resources. Advantages For the world to sustain future generations, the human community at large should embrace conservation of natural resources both renewable and non-renewable. Recent studies have estimated that many of the natural resource exploited by people has decreased to less than 25%, particularly oil and coal (Phil, 2010). This therefore, implies that the world cannot even support the present human population indefinitely. It should be noted that coal and oil (non-renewable resources) are one of the primary sources of energy, and without limiting and regulating exploitation of these vital natural resources then it means that, the coming generation will be deprived for these resources. In addition, in order to avoid future starvations, deaths, and conflicts over the scarce natural resources; we need to wisely use the available resources (Phil, 2010). Human physical and industrial activities have played a big role in depleting the beauty of our environment. For instance, the agricultural activities in Egypt and Asia; burning of agricultural wastes like rice straws and garbage has led to the formation of black cloud. This is where soot, dust particles, and other lethal elements are deposited into the atmosphere polluting the air natural resource. These particles interfere with the normal environmental setting and contributing to global warming effects. Elements like nitrous oxides, methane and carbon monoxide readily combine with vapor in the atmosphere to form acidic rains. Acidic rains are responsible for corroding and destructing manmade structures, destroying plants and animals. Through good environment conservation practices, the environment will remain pure and a good habitat for all organisms (Phil, 2010). Everything that we throw a way in the form of waste has diverse impact on degrading and destroying our natural resources. For instance, landfills have taken up valuable space and have contributed to both ground water pollution and air pollution by releasing significant amount of air pollutants like methane, and other greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere (Recharge Colorado, 2010). Natural resources conservation through reducing, reusing and recycling helps in decreasing household waste thus reducing landfills. In essence reducing involves manufacturing, designing, purchasing or using materials like products and packaging materials in manner that decreases the overall toxic levels of trash. On the other hand, reusing entails avoiding disposal of an item by reusing it in a similar way or devising a new way to use it (Recharge Colorado, 2010). Recycling is another key factor in natural resources conservation, for example, items that could have been used by consumers and discarded form the raw material for manufacturing other items. Recyclable items can be recollected and redeveloped into new products that are of equal importance (Jay, et al. 2010). This reduces pressure on exploitation of natural resources thus protecting them. Nevertheless, recycling saves energy conserves natural resources like timber, water and mineral salts thereby inhibiting and preventing environmental pollution. Consequently, it provides room to preserve resources for future generations. The commonly recycled materials are; papers, yard Trimmings e.g. grass, leaves, and shrubs which are recycled through compositing, Glass, bottles and jars, Aluminum à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ mostly beverage containers, and plastics like soda bottles, milk jugs, plastic bags and detergent containers (Jay. et al. 2010). Energy is what drives the world economy, without energy the world will be a very different place. Electrical energy has greatly transformed various sectors such as education, manufacturing, farming, lighting and agriculture. Conserving this primary and original natural resource will provide diverse innovations and development in the world as a whole. The lighting element of energy is widely used allover the world, therefore, conserving this natural resource is of great importance. This can be done through use of compact fluorescent lamps/bulbs (CFL), which has been found to be the more appropriate way of conserving electricity as opposed to using ordinary incandescent bulbs. According to a study done in relation to this issue, it was established that, household electricity consumption in the US accounted for 9% in 2001(Keefe, 2007). Also it was established that for a given light output fluorescent tubes/bulbs use approximately 20 to 33 percent of the power consumed by incandescent la mps/ordinary bulbs (Keefe, 2007). When incandescent lamps were replaced by the fluorescent tubes the total household electricity consumption decreased form 9% to 7% (Keefe, 2007). Disadvantages Raw materials, food and technology all come about as a result of exploitation of natural resources. Food industries and factories rely on the agricultural produce as their basic raw materials. For these raw materials to be available, forests and grasslands must be cleared to pave way for agricultural activities to take place. Energy, for instance, used in these industries must also be available for industries and factories to completely manufacture relevant products that help satisfying basic human needs (Phil, 2010). Fossil energy like coal and petroleum must be extensively utilized to provide the required energy. Without exploitation of these natural resources the economic development we all want will not be achieved. Exploitation of these natural resources is the sole drive for economical growth in all economies. The learning process since time immemorial has fundamentally relied on paper. The primary source of paper is trees or forests. Without cutting these trees and processing them into paper, education sector will suffer greatly, so will other sectors that depend on paper. As Phil (2010) adds, management in almost all kinds of institutions and record keeping which are very crucial entities in smooth running of any institution rely on paper. Exploitation of these natural resources has resulted into employment opportunities, where many individuals earn their livelihood from. If exploitation of these resource is stopped, many people jobless hence jeopardizing their daily well being. Though natural resources are scary, people still have to continue exploiting them to survive, what can be done is creating new innovative ways to exploit these resources. In deed, many US based car manufacturing companies have been forced to be more innovative to meet the needs of their customers. Instead of relying solely on cars that use petroleum as the only source of combustion energy in their combustion engines, they have devised new electrical cars that use electrical energy in their electrical engines. In relation to this, it is clear that, natural resources should be exploited to the maximum in order for persons to be innovative with regard to the prevailing situation. In the US, Americans have turned trash or waste into a new source of opportunity. For instance the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle agencies have come up with a single most idea to conserve the environment. But letà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s view it from this perspective, if it were not for destroying and destructing the environment by throwing waste and trash, and creating more landfills, the Reduce, Reuse and Recycle program could have not been there at all. These programs have both economic and environmental benefits in the US (Recharge Colorado, 2010). It has created more employment opportunities for the US citizens. In view of these arguments, it can be stated that though natural resource should be conserved for sustainable development, their exploitation should continue. In deed people have the ability to come up with new and better ways of using these natural resources when they understand that they are scarce. Conclusion In conclusion, conservation of natural resources is something that should be undertaken with serious consideration. In order to create a favorable environment for future economic growth in the world, we should develop strategies that promote more conservation than exploitation. On a wider view of this matter, there should be in place programs that regulate human population growth to ease pressure on the few remaining natural resources. Sustainable proper use of the existing natural resource should be encouraged by all governments to give room for both economical growth and environmental conservation (Phil, 2010).

History of and Development of Apple

History of and Development of Apple History of Apples success Apple was founded in 1976, by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniack and Ronald Wayne. These three young men at this time, decided to produce and sell a computer. As Apple was growing continuously, the company searched for some managers to help with the expansion. During the next couple of years, Apple hired new people for the most important positions, such as CEO. In 1984, the moment was finally there, Apple introduced there first computer to the world, the Macintosh. This computer was very special, because it was the first small computer with a graphical user interface. At the end of 1984, there was a big decrease in sales for Apple and deterioration in Jobs working relationship with the CEO of Apple. In May 1985, there followed a lot of struggles within company of Apple and Sculley relieved Steve Jobs of his duties as head of the Macintosh division. The founder of Apple was fired of his own company. Steve Jobs moved on and founded another computer company, called NeXT Computer. The NeXT Company was known of its technical strengths and their development system. All years Steve Jobs was working at NeXT with the philosophy of perfection, as showed by things like the NeXTcube interpersonal computer. In 1993, Jobs introduced a new development in software, with the release of NeXTSTEP Intel. During the period of NeXT computers, Jobs bought Pixar, a company focused on the high-end graphics. After a few years of struggling with sales, NeXT decided to contract with Disney. During their period with Disney, they started to produce numerous of computer-animated movies and Disney co-financed and distributed it. At the end of the 20th century, Apple decided to buy NeXT. This means that Steve Jobs returned to Apple. In the next couple of years, Steve Jobs changed a lot within the company, because there were too many employees working and introduced new projects. Steve Jobs was back in business for Apple. From this point, the success of Apple started with the introduction of Mac OS X and the iMac. (Guha, 2005) The last ten years Over the last ten years, Apple is doing something different than most IT companies in the world. Apple keeps it simple with its product line. If you are going to compare the products Apple offers and the products Microsoft or Sony are offering, you will notice that Apple only has 4 iPods, one cell phone, three notebooks and three desktop computers. If you take a look at Sony, you will see that they offer us a wide variety of the same kind of products. The same is happening with many other companies, such as HP, TomTom, Garmin and Dell. Within those last ten years, you can see that Apple is finding niche markets and try to fill the gabs in these markets. Since Steve Jobs returned to Apple, it has changed a lot. Steve reviewed all product lines and changed it into distinct segments. Every Apple product has a different destination, because an iMac is available for all-in-one solutions and the Mac Pro is for the professional buyer. These are just examples of two of Apples products, but it is exactly the same with the other products, such as the iPod or Notebooks. If you go into more detail about the simple product lines Apple uses, we will find that the company Garmin produces approximately 82 GPS systems that can be used in a car or carried in your hand. From all those 82 designs, there are no big differences between all models, but the price different is huge. Compare this with the Apple strategy; you can conclude that Apple will make only one or two different GPS systems, because Apple will use all their technology they have into one or two models, instead of 82. This strategy counts for a higher profit, because Apple does not waste a lot of money on all kind of different designs with slightly different specifications. If we have a look at the cell phone industry and we have a look at Samsung, we will discover that Samsung offers plenty of different models on their website. Apple produces only one cell phone and upgrades this phone every year with better technology, instead of making 20 different models. To conclude this, customers hate to choose between many different products with the same specifications. Imagine that you are at a random TV store and see all the different LCD or Plasma TVs. Many people will say they like to have many choices, but on the other hand they hate it. That is something Apple took into account and only produces one or two models of the same product of top-notch quality that are easily available. Furthermore, everybody knows Apple for more than five years now and Apple is known as the company with fantastic quality and easy accessibility. All the advertising and promotions Apple did in the last ten years worked, because the iPhone which you can buy at Best Buy, does not require a salesman to sell this phone. The brand sells itself. (Asay, 2010) Over the last five to ten years, Apple had an enormous growth explosion. As you can see in Figure 3, Apple had a slow growth up to 2005, but after that they started introducing new technology, which gave Apple its growth explosion. The findings of this explosion are shown in Figure 3. Product differences between Apple and other companies Apple is a company that started with computers; this is still their main market. If we have a look at the differences between Apple computers and other PCs, we can conclude that there are big differences. The biggest difference between the two is the way both parties think about processes and philosophies. According to many people, after using a Mac, they say: Macs think like I do and PCs dont. Although the operating systems of PC and Mac are kind of similar to each other, the Mac requires less clicking, less menus and it is working as smooth as people expect them to. If we move on to the other products Apple offers, the iPhones, we will notice a lot of differences compared to other mobile phones. If we are going to compare the iPhone with other mobile phones, you need to compare it with the Androids in first place, because these phones are Apples competition at the moment. The first thing we will notice is the operating systems within the phone, because Apple uses iOS Mac systems and Androids is mostly based on Google. If you are using the iPhone with all the features Apple gives you, you will never notice the differences, but Apple does not support Adobe Flash, which allows you to view Flash Videos and Flash Games. Androids have a better open system, because if you want to download an application and this application is not in Googles official Android Market, you can still download it and run it properly. If we have a look at the Apple applications, you can only use the applications giving to you via the AppStore. This brings us to our next poin t, because security is really important using these expensive phones. The problem with Android is that one in five applications have security holes, which makes the phone less safe and changes of viruses or any other inconvenient error. That is what makes the iPhone the safest phone around at the moment, because they have a closed system, which allows you only to download within the AppStore. Furthermore, we can compare the interfaces of both phones. Apple is doing a great job using a very easy but fantastic interface. If you like to use the iOS interface, life is great, because it works smooth and quick. On the other hand, if you prefer to use widgets and see what other interfaces look like, the Androids are the way to go. (Dotree, 2010)

Wired verus Wireless Networks :: essays research papers

Wired VS Wireless Networks In today’s world networking is becoming a very common thing with business’s and homes. Some of the main reasons are because you can share files, printers, and other resources. The big networking way style is to use cables connecting all the equipment on a network. Today however, what has a market of its own and is competing with the wired networks is now the wireless network. Many companies have jumped into home networking now, and there is now a big selection of products on the market being wired or wireless. The wired system will provide the highest performance and would make a good choice for home offices, where its speed and low cost would outweigh any cable clutter and a more difficult installation. Wired Home Networks is the least expensive and the fastest by a long shot. It's speed is 10 megabits per second/100 megabits per second Ethernet network. All you need is a couple of plug N’ Play NIC cards, a hub, some cables, some minimal software Traditional wired networks may be the fastest way of moving data between computers, but this product's dependence on a cable (which is a bit thicker than a standard telephone wire) that can clutter and be a problem. You have to be able to string it where people won't trip over it and unless you can hide it, it will add little to your decor. Also, you need to find a location for the hub that's central to the networked PCs and has available AC power. Depending on the distance between your networked PCs, you might also need longer cables. Fortunately, Ethernet cabling is widely available. Now if you want a simple and easy to install home network, wireless is for you. With wireless there’s no need to open your PC. The antenna’s can plug into a phone jack, modem, or parallel ports on your pc’s. With most wireless kits they make sure the network setup process is easy, no matter what your level of experience. The installation software automatically sets up everything without making you deal with network setup screens. The downside to wireless is its speed is only about 1-2 megabits per second. As you can see, it's considerably slower than the 100 megabits per second wired network. Wireless is definitely not optimum for network game playing or exchanging huge files. But 1-2 megabits per second is fast enough for printer sharing and shared Internet access over a conventional modem.

Picks Disease Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Pick's Disease Pick's disease is a form of dementia characterized by a progressive and irreversible deterioration of social skills and changes in personality, along with impairment of intellect, memory, and language. In 1892 Arnold Pick, a German neurologist studied a patient who in his life had dementia and lost of speech. When the patient died, his brain shrunk, with the brain cells having died (atrophied) in the specific areas of the brain. In Pick’s disease, the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain are most affected. Changes occur in the cerebral cortex (which is how the frontal lobe is affected.) Pick's disease affects the temporal lobes of the brain in 25%, frontal lobes in 25% and both frontal and temporal lobes in 50% of cases (1). Damage to the frontal lobes leads to alterations in personality and behavior, changes in the way a person feels and expresses emotion, and loss of judgment. On a microscopic level, there is severe neuron damage in the cerebral cortex. The brain cells in these areas are found to be abnormal and swollen. These abnormal cells define Pick’s disease and are called Pick’s cells. Pick’s disease is often confused with Alzheimer’s disease where the degeneration generally affects mostly the temporal and the parietal lobes of the brain (2). When such typical cells are not seen on post-mortem examination but the same areas of the brain are affected by cell death the case may be described as Pick's syndrome (3). In the early stages of Pick’s disease, unlike Alzheimer’s in its early stages, the patient can recognize people and places. Usually, an infected person is diagnosed with "probable Alzheimer’s", it is later discovered that the patient has Pick’s disease (2). There are three stages of the d... ...s exist as an inherited disease in some families. The majority of case studies show that the patients affected have no family history of the disease. The rate of progression varies enormously between people ranging from a duration from 2-15 years (2). The death is usually caused by infection. Medication can be used to treat some of the behavioral problems. Pick’s disease alone is a very mentally and physically draining disease but along with medication, it maybe almost impossible for patients to continue a normal life once they are diagnosed with the disease and begin treatment. Sources 1)Frontal Lobe Dementia and Pick’s Disease, http://www.alznsw.asn.au/library/picks.htm 2)Pick’s Disease from Alzheimer’s Outreach, http://www.zarcrom.com/users/alzheimers/odem/pk1.html 3)CANDID Fact Sheets, http://www.candid.ion.ucl.ac.uk/candid/factsheets/facts1.htm

International Foundation Year Macroeconomics Essay

Question 2a) Explain the meaning of the term ‘inflation’. Along with the development of society more and more problems are brought to our attention, one of which is that ‘inflation’. Nevertheless, with the advance of the human civilization, the living standard increases gradually so the price index and Retail Price Index (RPI) rise gradually as well. Deep down, ‘inflation’ means a persistent increase in all money prices over a period of time which is generally considered to bring costs to society is the form of material, political and psychological costs. Also, the increase must be sustained at some rate before there is inflation and when the price level increases steadily over time. ‘Inflation’ that is to say, it is decrease in the purchasing power and all money prices to the same extent. In economic, inflation is measured as a percentage change in the PRI over a given period of time, for example, if the RPI increases from 100 to 200 in a year, then inflation is said to have increased by 20% that year. In the UK, the Retail Prices Index is most commonly used measure of inflation. Because RPI is measure the cost of living index, it can reflex the money price level such as through the changes in the prices of goods in the shops by households. From the figure 1 illustrate, which show the inflation from 1.9 per cent in 2001 to 3.2 per cent in 2003. Obviously, the inflation rate in UK has increased 1.3 per cent from 2001 to 2003 under the RPI. Nevertheless, in the USA, the Consumer Prices Index (CPI) is usually used to measure of inflation. In addition, GDP deflator can measure the average level of prices as well. Definitely, inflation is either great or slight fluctuation in each year. In economic, creeping inflation and hyperinflation are represent inflation as well. Actually, hyperinflation similarly as inflation but the meaning is quiet difference. Hyperinflation means extremely rapid inflation and the price increase so fast that money largely loses its convenience as a medium of exchange. However, creeping inflation is at moderate rates but persevering over long period. Annual Inflation Rates in UK – 12 month % change Figure 1: Source: Office for National Statistics To avoid inflation and low inflation, this is a Macroeconomic Policy’s objective for a long time. This policy tries to affect the overall performance of the economy. In fact, people have an aversion to inflation. Due to inflation would cause costs of inflation and a number of influences, for instance, redistributions effects, uncertainty possible harming for long-term investment reduces the welfare of people, inflation tax, Balance of Payment, unemployment, damage a country’s competitiveness and create menu costs. Inflation indeed is a positive rate of growth of the general level and it is closely related to the unemployment. Question 2b) Distinguish between demand-pull and cost-push inflation. In economics, demand-pull and cost-push inflation are completely difference. Moreover, they are played a principal role in each nation economic as well. Demand-pull inflation is contrasted with cost-push inflation. Demand-pull inflation means the price increase is transmitted from one sector to another but cost-push inflation means the wage increase is transmitted from one sector to another. Actually, demand-pull inflation describes how inflation starts and cost-push inflation describes why inflation once begun is so difficult to stop. Fist of all, demand-pull inflation is also call demand inflation. It exist is due to excess demand. It means that the resources are not completely sufficient the different regions and sectors of the economy. Demand inflation means the higher aggregate level of activity, the large proportion of areas and industries which experience excess demand for goods and labors of various sorts. Generally, we can know that increase in aggregate demand will cause higher prices and it bring to the society of cost inflation as well. However, cost-push inflation is reverse of demand-pull inflation. Cost inflation is due to increase the factor input cost such as imported goods and raw materials so that cause to raise the prices or wage rates round the economy. Basically, the costs increase would cause the manufacturer to raise prices, soon afterwards, increases in prices cause workers to demand higher wages as well. So the cumulative effect of all these processes cause of passed on in higher prices to consumers and the cost-push inflation is extremely difficult to stop finally. Question 2c) Suggest how a government might tackle inflation. In economics, there are four ways of dealing with inflation. Fist, government can adopt tough incomes policies to keep inflation under control. Second, government can through institutional and constitutional reform to tackle inflation like as fiscal and monetary policies. Third, government can adopt indexing deal with inflation as well. One of the suggestion might tackle inflation is incomes policies. The aim of incomes policy is the attempt to influence wages and other incomes directly. The methods included jawboning, wage-price guideposts, wage-price controls and tax-based incomes policy. Generally, jawboning means the government uses verbal admonitions against those who want to raise the prices of their products. For example, the supermarket in UK cannot increase the prices for all of goods under the government use verbal admonitions against. In addition, wage-price guideposts can restrain the inflation similarly, the government may set up standards for permissible wage and price increase for the private sector to follow. For example, the government may intentionally reduce the wage increase for civil servants so that encourage other employers to control wage increase as well. It can curb inflation efficiently. Moreover, the government can use tax-based incomes policy such as allow the private sector lower taxes for who follow the guideposts and rise taxes for those who violate them. Furthermore, the government may use wage-price controls or freezes may lead to non-price competition. Basically, the government use of wage and price controls can keep prices and wages below their equilibrium levels. From the above, there are a number of goods suggestions for tackle inflation in income policies for the government. On the other hand, the government may change laws and institutions to make it hard for inflation to emerge. Actually, this way takes a long run view because it is not to concern with the temporary costs of first getting inflation down. Nevertheless, the objective is control how to keep inflation down. So the government can through controlling the Central Bank to pass a law permanently restricting the rate of nominal money growth to. Obviously, once the Central Bank going to rise in interest rates, the aggregate demand going to down naturally. After that, the inflation rate can be controlled finally. In addition, unemployment get a closely relationship with inflation, government can adopt the fiscal and monetary policies to curb inflation at the cost of higher unemployment. As we know, once the country have a higher inflation rate so that lower unemployment rate will be accompanied. Conversely, once the country have higher unemployment rate, the lower inflation will be emerged. But this trade-off focuses attention on aggregate demand and disregards aggregate supply. From figure 2c, which express the price level decrease from P1 to P2 due to the Central Bank increase in interest rates, there is evidence that once increase in interest rates would cause to decrease the aggregate demand as well. To put it more simply, there is also indication that rise in interest rates may exert a downward pressure on prices. Figure 2c: A rise in the rate of interest effect. Third, the government can adopt indexing to tackle inflation. Whereas indexation might automatically adjusts nominal contracts for the effects of inflation, any unanticipated inflation and inflation effect can be tackled. For instance, wage rates, pensions, interest payments on bonds, income taxes and many other things can be indexed in this way. Indeed, the purpose of indexing is to reduce the social cost of inflation. However, everything has a good side and a bad side, and indexing is no exception. Some economists worry about that people would diminish the confidence combating inflation even all prices and terms in contracts will be adjusted according to the price index. Historically, indexation has already been introduced in countries that have had to live with inflation rates of 30 or 40 per cent for years. Finally, there are many ways might tackle inflation for government. Income policies, institutional and constitutional reform with fiscal and monetary policies and indexing are the process to tackle inflation efficiently.

Aligning Elementary School to Middle School Curriculum Essay

There has been an upsurge in program co- natural event actions among educational institutions in an attempt to reinforce the efficiency and forte of guidances and sagacity programs (Marsh & Willis, 2003). The need to pull off the differences in both acquire and instruct has compelled leaders in educational gear uptings to experiment the concepts and skills taught in educational institutions (Marsh & Willis, 2003). Also, the No kid Left Behind (NCLB) program of 2002 justifies the conditional relation of computer programme concretion activities (Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, 2006).In computer program break outment, in that location be ternary prerequisite areas that need great considerations. One, the syllabus archive needs to give direction, focus, and function in the learning environment. (Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, 2006). Two, the broadcast enter should be revised on a perpetual basis by at least(prenominal) 2 educational leaders and three pupil outcomes that recognize what the learners acquire introductory to graduation should organise with the standards set by the body politic.According to Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, (2006) many educational institutions submit not yet integrated successfully the essentials standards at heart their course nor maintained a written chronicle to guide instruction. Again, the grave role of leaders in educational setting to develop and implement course of study is evident with the continuative of taught, written and tried course of study. Clarke, Kayona, Ruebling & Stow, 2006) also affirms that the lack of platform alignment shadower result to lower performance where educators t to each one contents that is not pause of the course document and nor is it part of taskment material.This language pass on analyze the computer programme articulation and alignment betwixt master(a) shallow and plaza take companionable studies, specific tot allyy, fourth and seventh gr ade. Inclusive of this dissertation impart be a political platform to improve broadcast articulation and alignment between bare(a) school and midpoint school social studies as come up as improve the pedantic improvement of educatee and the consistency of the course. Summary of reliable Analysis The course of instruction for the North Dakota surgical incision of national bidding is a standards-based name that lays emphasis on the school youngsters ability.The curriculum is divided by compositors case, grade level and standard. It apologises the force contents for each subject with proficiency descriptors. The curriculum document is relevant to the mission of the North Dakota section of Public education as tumesce as the objectives for the subjects. The Social Studies curriculum document for North Dakota incision of Public discipline has five major themes for both master(a) school and warmheartedness school as advantageously as benchmark expectations in each category. The main ideas and academic expectations are the same for both schools.The design of subject matter for con margeinous educational stages allow ins concepts, skills, understandings, and the core content useful in sound judgment. The curriculum documents of North Dakota segment of Public Instruction for the simple(a) and midway school stop unsloped alignment between the beside educational levels. The concepts, skills and understandings become more than multiform amid the two educational levels. Therefore, learners should understand the concepts and skills of the elementary school before learning the concepts and skills of nub school.The concentration of the elementary school is narrower than that of middle school. The curriculum documents of both elementary and middle school do not deliver horizontal alignment. Improvement of curriculum alignment, school-age child increase and curriculum consistency political platform alignment is necessary to guarantee mus ical harmony between the curriculums excogitations and the instruction of the curriculum by testing what is taught. In effect, there is little or no space left for differences in curriculum implementation.The educational leaders thereafter, assess educators by the degree in which the learners meet the set standards by means of standardized examination (Marsh & Willis, 2003). The vertical alignment links subjects that express a relationship and a finical secernate and then match the curriculum to the particular order. In this, students pull up stakes gain bouncy knowledge prior to the next subject. The alignment aids in material support and offers teachers knowledge in relation to students ability.In addition, Melvin (2007 notes that vertical alignment rears learning for students as goodhead as communication between teachers at various educational levels. horizontal alignment transversely brings together curriculum objectives between subjects. Horizontal alignment benefits learners in that learning transmits to new situation where students actualise the signifi earth-closetce of the knowledge gained (Wraga, 1999). The social studies curriculum within the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction between elementary and middle school, puts emphasis on standards and outlines objectives needed by students to learn.So as to improve curriculum alignment, it is necessary for curriculum at adjoining educational levels to lay emphasis on these objectives at every appropriate occurrence only if not only within a particular grade. Glatthorns (1999) suggests it is eventful that the curriculum contain objectives for constant development, which can centre of attention on learning as well as testing when probable. Again, the curriculum should complicate enhancement units for all learners. Educators can then assess the standards and align the taught, written and tested curriculum.By gathering the acknowledged democracy standards and applying resourcefulnes s, tutors can develop unit which, go away be diverting to the students. Teachers flexibility can also be put in play where the curriculum can be finded to meet the requirements and capability of the learners. In this strategy, educators align the written curriculum with the tested curriculum and the taught curriculum with the written one. As they implement the curriculum, In addition, teachers can include objectives for ongoing development and enhancement units.This march allow allow learners to achieve spicy grades on tests while the ongoing students will have units of study that are extensive and thus will get their interest (Glatthorn, 1999). The North Dakota Department of Public Instruction maintains a standards-based curriculum that contains list of essential details and abilities at the lower finale of Blooms Taxonomy, with no intention for connecting the fundamental details into more important outcomes of learning.Marsh and Willis (2003) contends that the progression that has been mandated by tell apart would then be trussed by practical and fundamental knowledge with negligible consideration of lasting learning power that is necessary to life as well as opposite areas of learning. A curriculum that lays out the necessity to address all students and concentrates on cognition development at a prouder-level whilst keeping the standards-based curriculum is the close to suitable to put into practice for the two adjoining educational stages (Wraga, 1999).A unite curriculum that is integrated, inclusive and student relate with holistic and multicultural aspects will enhance curriculum alignment both horizontally and vertically. In addition, this kind of curriculum will enhance learners academic progression and suffice in curriculum consistency. Wraga (1999) admits that the standards-based curriculum essential contain curriculum alignment of a larger curriculum that visualizes lifelong learning.A curriculum that contains intrapersonal improv ement encourages the learners to discuss learning and associate in relation to the learners life. precept and nurturing social skills done the curriculum allows cooperation of learners with other individuals, builds conflict resolution skills, and assists in team up building. The curriculum within the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction shall integrate multicultural aspect so as to align the curriculum with the todays society. Learners will get to value diverse nicety and as a result develop communication among cultures.An all grade inclusive curriculum which is also adaptive is expensive to all learners it will offer personify learning opportunities to students with disabilities as well as allow all students to embrace mutation among individuals. A student-centered curriculum focuses on the learners but not the curriculum materials, content to be covered or written goals. When there is implementation of a standards-based curriculum in association with a combined cur riculum and high-stakes testing, students are assured of quality education.Layton & engage (2007) asserts that student assessments are life-sustaining and in an effort to assist in academic progression of student educators should build tests that assess student learning correctly and adjust tests for the at-risk learners. Educators can unearth better ship canal of evaluating test results so as to recognize learning needs of students and revise instruction. In addition this plan integrates received assessment. authoritative assessment demands the relevance and integration of skills vital to solve complicated problems and allows enhanced validation of the students ability to prosper in all situations.Learners have a chance to explain themselves allowing teachers to better understand the learning border and get instant feedback for learners. Furthermore, the application of authentic assessment sets up teacher quislingism and collegiality as well as expands the construction and inquiry by the teacher. Conclusion syllabus alignment involves matching a curriculums content to the use of tests so as to assess the learning of student (Marsh & Willis, 2003). course of study alignment calls for educational institutions to ensure consistence in the objectives, guides, textbooks, and tests that make up the curriculum (Marsh & Willis, 2003).Leaders in educational settings determine academic attainment through standard testing as a means to find out what happens in schools. Institutions of education emphasize effectiveness through increasing academic achievement where they term decline in academic achievement as a problem in the quality of the curriculum. Thus, aligning the intended curriculum with the taught curriculum seems to resolve this problem (Marsh & Willis, 2003). By integrating the previous aspects into the North Dakota Department of Public Instruction curriculum, a more significant learning experience can be achieved by both educators and students.Last ly, curriculum alignment will be seen, student academic progression as well as curriculum consistency will improve (Marsh & Willis, 2003). References Alexson, R. G. & Kemnitz, C. P. (2004) Curriculum articulation and transitioning student success Where are we going reproach and what lessons have we learned? Educational look for Quarterly, Retrieved from ProQuest Education Journals database. Accessed on folk 26, 2007 Biessman, J. B. (2006) An examination of curriculum articulation in Wisconsin high school and post-secondary introductory biology courses.Retrieved from ProQuest digital Dissertations database. Accessed on folk 25, 2007. Carnoy, M. (2005) Have state accountability and high-stakes test influenced student progression rates in high school? Educational Measurement, Issues and Practice, 24. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 26, 2007. Clarke, N. A. , Kayona, F. , Stow, S. , Ruebling (2006) developing standards-based curricula and assessments Lessons learned from the field. Retrieved from EBSCO host database. Accessed on September 26, 2007, Cumming, J. J. & Maxwell, G. S.(1999) Contextualizing authentic assessment. Assessment in Education, 6. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 26, 2007 Hodgkinson, H. (2000). Educational demographics What teachers should know. Educational Leadership. John, B. (2003) Curriculum audits achieving alignment for student success. Education Today. Retrieved from CBCA assoil database. Accessed on September 26, 2007. Odden, A. (2000) The costs of sustaining educational change through comprehensive school reform. Ornstein, A. C. & Levine, D. U. (1990) direct effectiveness and reform Guidelines for action.Porter, A. C. (2005) getting the Content of Instruction Right. Retrieved from CBCA Complete database. Accessed on September 25, 2007 Layton, C. A. & Lock, R. H. (2007) Use authentic assessment techniques to fulfill the promise of no child left behind. Intervention in School and Clin ic. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 25, 2007 Marsh, C. J. , & Willis, G. (2003) Curriculum ersatz approaches, ongoing issues, 3rd edition. Upper excite River, NJ Pearson. Wraga, W. G. (1999). The educational and political implications of curriculum alignmentand standards-based reform. Journal of Curriculum and Supervision. Retrieved from ProQuest database. Accessed on September 25, 2007 Young, M. L. (2004) High-stakes assessment and school accountability A multicase study describing and comparing the stovepipe practices of five K6 elementary schools that have demonstrated significant increases in student achievement as heedful by the norm-referenced SAT-9 assessment and the Academic transaction Index of California. Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. Accessed on September 25, 2007