'Elements of Democracy and Constitutionalism Essay\r'

'The 16th chairwoman of the linked States of America explained it succinctly. country, that is. Democracy is a govern ment system adopt by many nations. It is perhaps one of the oldest forms of policy-making rule, one that transcends over time.. Democracy and fundamental law are just two of the legion(predicate) theories that origin in Greece, one of the oldest cradles of civilization. Democracy takes its root from the Greek word which style rule by the people (Johnston, 1987). It is incompatible from other types of political relation system such as dictatorship or un participatory (1987).\r\nDemocracy occurs when people choose its judicature, or those who will lead them. Democracy dates linchpin to prehistoric times. Some anthropologists, for instance, have unearthed res humansa in common peoples (1987). It is called â€Å"primitive state” wherein a tribal council rules a certain tribe (1987). The council is usually composed of families and clans (1987). The Iroquois Confederacy, which ruled virtually parts of the unify States, is another warning of democratic institution (1987). It is even give tongue to that the Confederacy contri moreovered to the creation of the US ecesis (Cook, 2000).\r\nDemocracy has several policy-making, economic and tender traits. One of its vital political indication is that men are equal in fronthand the law, meaning everyone is entitled to equal proper(ip), to enrol in all political decisions (Johnston, 1987). each(prenominal) has the right to vote or choose. During the Athenian politics, adult priapic citizens convened to lecture public issues. As nation continued to constitute everyday, especially in Europe and America, the right to vote was adopted, but was limited to male land owners (1987).\r\nIt was only during the 20th century, wherein women in nations practicing majority rule were given the right to right to vote (1987). Another prominent element in democracy is emancipation of let looseion. This pertains to the liberty to express one’s self through and through with(predicate) speech, press and assembly (Johnston, 1987). Through freedom of expression, views on certain issues would be addressed. The face, French, and American revolutions were geared towards achieving freedom of expression (1987). canonical to democracy is the idea of majority rule. In a democratic nation, a consensus should be achieved.\r\nWhile the majority is generally followed, nonage rights are also taken in consideration (Johnston, 1987). The minority’s intent is not to contest the majority but to give alternatives (1987). Furthermore, one economic characteristic of a democracy is to have equation not just in political areas but in economic as wellhead. Democratic nations have labor unions to address the welfare of the workers (Johnston, 1987). Some countries like the coupled States passed laws on regulating employment-related issues such as wages and Social Secur ity (1987). Likewise, democracy affects the social distinctions of a nation.\r\nDemocracy curtails differences on sex, wealth, birth, race and religion (Johnston, 1987). The 14th Amendment to the United States, for example, states that a citizen must be granted all rights (1987). In Greece where the term democracy derived, democracy arose when the middle kin comprising merchants, started to crystalize condition (Johnston, 1987). It utilise to be that tribal systems were dominant in Greece (Rabb, 1987). The period, which was known as â€Å"Age of Kings” had mini-monarchies in Greece (1987). However, by gigabyte BC to 500 BC, people started to afterthought about the presidential term.\r\nBy this time, the idea of popular government had started to crop up (1987). A popular government is defined as a government wherein people should not be under the control of others (1987). This popular government concept is the precursor of what is not democracy. Athens was the place where the Greeks first take care democracy (1987). As stated earlier, Athenian democracy practiced voting, although was limited to citizens and men only (1987). It was also during this time that Socrates, the expectant Greek philosopher, was sentenced to death (1987).\r\nWhen Alexander the owing(p) of Macedonia conquered Greece, the popularity of democracy faded. During the Roman period, the Roman tribune was tasked to stay in for the people or the plebian (Johnston, 1987). The plebian comprised the unhorse class. It was the Romans who idealized that citizens should be equal before the law (1987). In 16th century, the developing of European trade proved to be a platform for democracy to stretch (Johnston, 1987). Throughout Europe, the rising middle class started demanding for recognizing their rights (1987). In England, for instance, free enterprise capitalism developed (1987).\r\nIn France, advocating on democracy was prohibited especially since the country had controlling monarchy as its type of government (Johnston, 1987). However, more or less French writers and philosophers started propagating the idea of democracy (1987). Voltaire wrote on the freedom of speech; Baron de Montesquieu drafted a model of a government building wherein the executive, legislative, and discriminatory branches are of equal personnel; and Jean Jacques Rousseau advocated on an equal society (1987). These are just examples of ancient democratic practices. Another Ancient Greek political idea is the paper.\r\nThe great Greek philosopher Aristotle used the term constitution to pertain to government forms- either favourable or severely (Safra, 20002). According to Aristotle, monarchy and aristocracy are good constitution whereas tyranny, oligarchy and democracy are shitty constitution (2002). A perfect government has several elements-procedural stability, accountability, representation, division of power, openness and manifestation (Safra, 2002). Procedural stabili ty means that sanctioned laws of the government must not be changed randomly (Safra, 2002). The government must propose it citizens the laws so that its citizens would know the consequences (2002).\r\nAccountability pertains to the government’s responsibility to its citizens (Safra, 2002). It is executed through processes such as elections, fiscal accounting, and referendum (2002). delegation states that the people who have been elected should march as representatives of their constituents (Safra, 2002). Elections ensure that citizens are well represented by those elected. Constitutionalism allows division of power [of legislature, executive, and judiciary] to ensure check and balance in the government (Safra, 2002). Since democracy sits in constitutionalism, thither should exists openness and revealing in the government.\r\nCitizens cannot act in a constitutional government if they are not privy to the workings. It is wherefore necessary to have openness and disclosur e in the government, to have access to given(p) documents. Constitutional government has been practiced by several countries. Former colonies of Great Britain in Asia and the Caribbean such as India and Nigeria had adopted constitutional form of government (Safra, 2002). European countries such as France, Germany and Italy have likewise adopted this form of government. In France, for example, its previous government had been absolute monarchy.\r\nThe constitution of the Third state was established in 1870 (Safra, 2002). It was followed for roughly 70 years until the German invasion (2002). In the constitution of the Fourth Republic, the average footlocker life became shorter because the government had to deal with the Algerian independence movement (2002). The constitution of the fifth part Republic provides power to the president to remove the Parliament (2002). The U. S. constitution, on the other hand, copied most of its phrases from the British constitutional vocabulary (Saf ra, 2002).\r\nThe English constitution was the effect of custom kind of than a premeditated consultation. Parliament was the proceeds of the Curia Regis or the King’s Council (2002). The US constitution was amended for its own use. The constitution states that the US government has three branches †executive, judicial and legislative. It was signed on September 17, 1787 (Constitution of the United States, 2000). The US constitution serves as the theme of the US government. It is divided into three parts- the preamble, articles and amendments (2000).\r\n'